Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) occurs in older adults whose cognitive decline is greater than in normal aging, and it is a risk-factor for dementia. Cognitive training through games is a potential way to protect against further decline and delay the onset of dementia. This study investigated the usability and acceptability of a set of cognitive games for people with MCI when delivered on a robotic interface. 10 older adults played a set of cognitive games delivered on a robot with a touchscreen. Participants evaluated their experience through questionnaires. Observations of their interaction with the robot were also conducted by the researchers and experts in aged care to get further insight into the usability of these games. Findings demonstrated that both the users and experts believed the games to have potential to improve cognition in people with MCI. However, there were many functional issues with the robot that needed improvement including technical difficulties, problems with understanding the robot’s speech and language, and problems for the older adult in using the touchscreen to complete the games. This study highlights design considerations for cognitive games for older adults on robotic devices.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gauthier, S., et al.: Mild cognitive impairment. Lancet 367(9518), 1262–1270 (2006)
Petersen, R.C.: Mild cognitive impairment. CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology 22(2 Dementia), 404 (2016)
Gates, N.J., Sachdev, P.S., Singh, M.A.F., Valenzuela, M.: Cognitive and memory training in adults at risk of dementia: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 11(1), 55 (2011)
Kim, G.H., et al.: Structural brain changes after traditional and robot-assisted multi-domain cognitive training in community-dwelling healthy elderly. PLoS ONE 10(4), e0123251 (2015)
McCallum, S., Boletsis, C.: Dementia games: a literature review of dementia-related serious games. In: Ma, M., Oliveira, M.F., Petersen, S., Hauge, J.B. (eds.) SGDA 2013. LNCS, vol. 8101, pp. 15–27. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40790-1_2
Belleville, S.: Cognitive training for persons with mild cognitive impairment. Int. Psychogeriatr. 20(1), 57–66 (2008)
Klimova, B.: Computer-based cognitive training in aging. Frontiers Aging Neurosci. 8, 313 (2016)
Hill, N.T., Mowszowski, L., Naismith, S.L., Chadwick, V.L., Valenzuela, M., Lampit, A.: Computerized cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Psychiatry 174(4), 329–340 (2016)
García-Casal, J.A., Loizeau, A., Csipke, E., Franco-Martín, M., Perea-Bartolomé, M.V., Orrell, M.: Computer-based cognitive interventions for people living with dementia: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment. Health 21(5), 454–467 (2017)
Lopez-Samaniego, L., Garcia-Zapirain, B., Mendez-Zorrilla, A.: Memory and accurate processing brain rehabilitation for the elderly: LEGO robot and iPad case study. Biomed. Mater. Eng. 24(6), 3549–3556 (2014)
Broadbent, E., et al.: Robots in older people’s homes to improve medication adherence and quality of life: a randomised cross-over trial. In: Beetz, M., Johnston, B., Williams, M.-A. (eds.) ICSR 2014. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 8755, pp. 64–73. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11973-1_7
Tapus, A., Vieru, A.-M.: Robot cognitive stimulation for the elderly. In: Ferrández Vicente, J.M., Álvarez Sánchez, J.R., de la Paz López, F., Toledo Moreo, F.J. (eds.) IWINAC 2013. LNCS, vol. 7930, pp. 94–102. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38637-4_10
Ahn, H.S., Santos, M.P.G., Wadhwa, C., MacDonald, B.: Development of brain training games for a healthcare service robot for older people. In: Beetz, M., Johnston, B., Williams, M.-A. (eds.) ICSR 2014. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 8755, pp. 1–10. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11973-1_1
Garcia-Sanjuan, F., Jaen, J., Nacher, V.: Tangibot: a tangible-mediated robot to support cognitive games for ageing people, a usability study. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 34, 91–105 (2017)
Nasreddine, Z.S., et al.: The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 53(4), 695–699 (2005)
Astell, A.J., et al.: Does familiarity affect the enjoyment of touchscreen games for people with dementia? Int. J. Med. Inf. 91, e8 (2016)
Virzi, R.A.: Refining the test phase of usability evaluation: how many subjects is enough? Human Fact. 34(4), 457–468 (1992)
Funding
This study was supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea) under Industrial Technology Innovation Program (No. 10063300).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Law, M. et al. (2019). User Testing of Cognitive Training Games for People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Design Implications. In: Salichs, M., et al. Social Robotics. ICSR 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11876. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35888-4_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35888-4_43
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35887-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-35888-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)