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Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems pp 197–218Cite as

The Global Positioning System (GPS)

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Zusammenfassung

This chapter presents an overview of the US Global Positioning System (GlossaryTerm

GPS

), which became the first operational global navigation satellite system (GlossaryTerm

GNSS

) core constellation when it was declared fully operational in 1995. First, the space segment is described, including key characteristics of the different satellite types. Then, an overview of the control segment is given, including its operations and evolution of capabilities. This is followed by an overview of the GPS signals, current and future, as well as a description of the navigation data content. Then, the time and coordinate systems used by GPS are described. The chapter is concluded with a brief description of services and performance.

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Abbreviations

AEP:

architecture evolution plan

AFSCN:

air force satellite control network

AKM:

apogee kick motor

BOC:

binary offset carrier

CL:

long code

CM:

moderate-length code

CNAV:

civil navigation message

CRC:

cyclic redundancy check

CS:

control segment

ECI:

Earth-centered inertial

EELV:

evolved expendable launch vehicles

EIRP:

effective isotropic radiated power

FAA:

US Federal Aviation Administration

FEC:

forward error correction

GNSS:

global navigation satellite system

GPS:

Global Positioning System

HOW:

hand-over word

IODC:

issue-of-data clock

IODE:

issue-of-data ephemeris

ITRF:

International Terrestrial Reference Frame

JPL:

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

L-AII:

Legacy Accuracy Improvement Initiative

LNAV:

legacy navigation message

MCS:

master control station

MEO:

medium Earth orbit

NANU:

notice advisory to NAVSTAR users

NGA:

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

NMCT:

navigation message correction table

NUDET:

nuclear detection (payload)

OCS:

operational control system

OCX:

next generation operational control segment of GPS

PLL:

phase lock loop

PPS:

precise positioning service

PRN:

pseudo-random noise

RAAN:

right ascension of ascending node

RF:

radio frequency

RMS:

root mean square

SA:

selective availability

SBAS:

satellite-based augmentation system

SPS:

standard positioning service

SVN:

space vehicle number

SV:

space vehicle

TLM:

telemetry (word)

UHF:

ultra-high frequency

USNO:

United States Naval Observatory

UTC:

Coordinated Universal Time

WAAS:

Wide Area Augmentation System

WAGE:

wide area GPS enhancement

WGS:

World Geodetic System

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The MITRE Coporation, 202 Burlington Road, MA 01886, Bedford, USA

    Christopher J. Hegarty

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  1. Christopher J. Hegarty
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Correspondence to Christopher J. Hegarty .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, WA 6845, Perth, Australia

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  2. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  3. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Oliver Montenbruck

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Hegarty, C.J. (2017). The Global Positioning System (GPS). In: Teunissen, P.J., Montenbruck, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_7

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