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TT Viruses pp 151–183Cite as

Chicken Anemia Virus

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 331))

Abstract

Chicken anemia virus (CAV), the only member of the genus Gyrovirus of the Circoviridae, is a ubiquitous pathogen of chickens and has a worldwide distribution . CAV shares some similarities with Torque teno virus (TTV) and Torque teno mini virus (TTMV) such as coding for a protein inducing apoptosis and a protein with a dual-specificity phosphatase. In contrast to TTV, the genome of CAV is highly conserved. Another important difference is that CAV can be isolated in cell culture. CAV produces a single polycis-tronic messenger RNA (mRNA), which is translated into three proteins. The promoter-enhancer region has four direct repeats resembling estrogen response elements. Transcription is enhanced by estrogen and repressed by at least two other transcription factors, one of which is COUP-TF1. A remarkable feature of CAV is that the virus can remain latent in gonadal tissues in the presence or absence of virus-neutralizing antibodies. In contrast to TTV, CAV can cause clinical disease and subclinical immunosuppression especially affecting CD8 + T lymphocytes. Clinical disease is associated with infection in newly hatched chicks lacking maternal antibodies or older chickens with a compromised humoral immune response.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology , College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    K. A. Schat

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  1. Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Abt., Tumorvirus-Charakterisierung, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany

    Ethel-Michele de Villiers

  2. Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany

    Harald zur Hausen

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Schat, K.A. (2009). Chicken Anemia Virus. In: de Villiers, EM., Hausen, H.z. (eds) TT Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 331. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70972-5_10

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