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Biotechnological Production of Xylitol from Biomass

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Book cover Production of Platform Chemicals from Sustainable Resources

Part of the book series: Biofuels and Biorefineries ((BIOBIO))

Abstract

Xylitol is a polyol of interest to food, dental and pharmaceutical industries because of its favorable characteristics such as sweetening capacity, insulin-independent metabolism effects and its lack of carcinogenic properties. It is usually produced by chemical processes that are expensive due to their high energy consumption and many purification steps. Biotechnological routes are promising because they can be carried out using mild conditions and have the possibility of using hydrolysates from renewable sources as raw materials without the need of extensive purification of xylose before the fermentation step. Different lignocellulosic materials have been studied as alternative raw materials in the fermentative process for xylitol production. However, the structure of lignocellulose is recalcitrant and a pretreatment step is necessary to release monomeric sugars that does not form compounds toxic to microorganisms. Another challenge for xylitol production by fermentation is the identification of efficient microorganisms for converting the pentose sugars present in hemicellulosic hydrolysates. Different strategies have also been investigated, aiming to optimize the biotechnological way, such as use of different configurations of bioreactors, process options and downstream steps. This chapter will explore biotechnological xylitol production from the selection and preparation of the raw material to fermentative process conditions, downstream strategies and future perspectives. These topics will be discussed to offer readers a better understanding of biotechnological routes to xylitol as well as their potential and future prospects.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Award Number 300127/2015-4), Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), and the Research Council for the State of São Paulo (FAPESP) (Award Number 2014/27055-2) for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Felipe Antonio Fernandes Antunes, Júlio César dos Santos, Larissa Pereira Brumano, Thais Suzane dos Santos Milessi, Ruly Terán-Hilares, Guilherme Fernando Dias Peres, Débora Danielle Virginio da Silva, Swapnil Gaikwad & Silvio Silvério da Silva

  2. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

    Mário Antônio Alves da Cunha

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil

    Kelly Johana Dussán Medina

  4. Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada

    Sai Swaroop Dalli

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  1. Felipe Antonio Fernandes Antunes
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Correspondence to Silvio Silvério da Silva .

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  1. Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

    Zhen Fang

  2. Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Richard L. Smith, Jr.

  3. Agro-Environmental Protection Institute (AEPI), Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China

    Xinhua Qi

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Antunes, F.A.F. et al. (2017). Biotechnological Production of Xylitol from Biomass. In: Fang, Z., Smith, Jr., R., Qi, X. (eds) Production of Platform Chemicals from Sustainable Resources. Biofuels and Biorefineries. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4172-3_10

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