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Socialization Patterns and Their Associations with Unprotected Anal Intercourse, HIV, and Syphilis Among High-Risk Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Peru

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Abstract

The association of socialization patterns with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and HIV/STI prevalence remains underexplored in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in developing country settings. We evaluated the correlation of UAI, HIV, and syphilis with MSM/TW venue attendance and social network size among high-risk MSM and TW in Peru according to self-reported sexual identity. Frequency of venue attendance and MSM/TW social network size were lowest among heterosexual MSM and highest among TW respondents. Attendance (frequent or occasional) at MSM/TW venues was associated with increased odds of insertive UAI among heterosexual participants. Frequent venue attendance was associated with increased odds of receptive UAI among gay/homosexual, bisexual, and TW participants. Further investigation of the differing socialization patterns and associations with HIV/STI transmission within subgroups of Peruvian MSM and TW will enable more effective prevention interventions for these populations.

Resumen

La asociación entre patrones de socialización, sexo anal sin protección y la prevalencia de VIH/ITS es poco conocido entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) y mujeres trans (MT) de alto riesgo en países en desarrollo. Evaluamos las asociaciones entre sexo anal sin protección, VIH, y la sífilis con asistir a locales HSH/trans y el tamaño de sus redes sociales en Perú de acuerdo a su identidad sexual autodeclarada. La asistencia a estos locales y el tamaño de las redes sociales fue menor entre HSH heterosexuales y mayor entre MT. La asistencia (frecuente u ocasional) estuvo asociada con más probabilidad de reportar sexo anal sin protección insertivo entre participantes heterosexuales. La asistencia frecuente estuvo asociada con más probabilidad de sexo anal sin protección receptivo entre participantes gay/homosexuales, bisexuales, y MT. Más investigaciones de los patrones de socialización y sus asociaciones con la transmisión de VIH/ITS entre subgrupos de HSH/MT en Perú permitirá intervenciones de prevención más eficaces en estas poblaciones.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge all of the participants as well as the study staff and peer outreach workers without whom this analysis would not have been possible. The 2011 sentinel surveillance was funded by The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Grants PER-506-G03-H and PER-607-G05-H awarded to CARE PERU. This secondary analysis was supported by unrestricted discretionary core funds from Asociación Civil Impacta Educación y Salud. MCV was supported by the University of California, Los Angeles’ South American Program in HIV Prevention Research (SAPHIR) (NIH R25 MH 087222). The funding sources played no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit the paper for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. South American Program in HIV Prevention Research (SAPHIR), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Michael C. Verre

  2. Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Avenida Miguel Grau No. 1010, Lima 4, Peru

    Jesus Peinado, Pedro Gonzales, Jorge Sanchez & Javier R. Lama

  3. Program in Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Eddy R. Segura & Jesse Clark

  4. Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional de Control de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y SIDA, Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru

    Carlos Benites

  5. Asociación Civil Vía Libre, Lima, Peru

    Robinson Cabello

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  1. Michael C. Verre
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  2. Jesus Peinado
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  3. Eddy R. Segura
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  4. Jesse Clark
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  5. Pedro Gonzales
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  8. Jorge Sanchez
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  9. Javier R. Lama
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Correspondence to Javier R. Lama.

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Verre, M.C., Peinado, J., Segura, E.R. et al. Socialization Patterns and Their Associations with Unprotected Anal Intercourse, HIV, and Syphilis Among High-Risk Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Peru. AIDS Behav 18, 2030–2039 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0787-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0787-y

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