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Determination of forces on a split palatal screw after rapid maxillary expansion

Bestimmung der auf eine palatinale Dehnschraube einwirkenden Kräfte bei forcierter Gaumenexpansion

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

Aim of this study was to develop a finite element model of the forces that patients with rapid maxillary expansion bear and to validate it by a mechanical test.

Methods

Computer-aided design models of the metallic screw and polymeric splint were modelled and discretized. Two forces were generated and considered independently: F1 at the temporary molar (2.5 N) and F2 at the permanent molar (2.5 N). The results of the finite element analysis were used to define the strain values which the anterior and posterior arms of the rapid maxillary expansion appliance bore as a linear function of F1–F2 by calculating the strain–force coefficient δ ij . Two strain gauge rosettes were attached to an appliance which was placed in an XY motorized stage to reproduce the same forces used in the finite element analysis. Once the system was validated, the matrix was inverted to determine forces F1 and F2 that a group of 40 patients underwent (median age 8.33 years, standard deviation 1.86 years) for 75 days, using their strain values. The parents of the patients activated a quarter turn (0.20 mm) twice a day until 50% transversal overcorrection was achieved.

Results

Finite element analysis showed that the effects of the forces on stress at the location of the arms were notably different. There was a satisfactory correlation between finite element analysis predictions and in vitro values. Dissipation of F1 and F2 in patients was predicted to be 62.5 and 80%, respectively, after 75 days of retention.

Conclusion

These results back the finite element analysis model for force prediction.

Zusammenfassung

Ziele

Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Entwicklung eines Finite-Elemente-Modells (FEM) zur Bestimmung der Kräfte die bei apparativer forcierter Gaumennahterweiterung (GNE) auftreten. Die FEM-Ergebnisse sollten mit einem mechanischen in-vitro-Test validiert werden.

Methoden

CAD (“computer-aided design”)-Modelle der Metallschraube und des Polymersplints wurden erstellt und diskretisiert. Zwei Kräfte wurden generiert und unabhängig voneinander berücksichtigt: F1 am Milchzahnmolaren (2,5 N) und F2 am permanenten Molaren (2,5 N). Die Ergebnisse der Finite-Elemente-Analyse (FEA) wurden verwendet, um die Dehnungswerte an den anterioren bzw. posterioren Armen der GNE-Apparaturen, als lineare Funktion von F1–F2 durch Berechnung des Dehnung-Kraft-Koeffizienten δ ij zu definieren. Nach Befestigung von 2 Dehnungsmessrosetten an der Apparatur wurde diese in ein “XY motorized stage” eingebracht, um die Kräfte zu reproduzieren, die in der FEA verwendet worden waren. Nach Validierung des Systems wurde die Matrix invertiert, um anhand der Dehnungswerte die Kräfte F1 und F2 zu bestimmen, denen eine Gruppe von Patienten (Median 8,33, Standardabweichung 1,86 Jahre) 75 Tage ausgesetzt war. Die Schrauben wurden von den Eltern der Patienten zwei Mal täglich um eine Vierteldrehung (0,20 mm) bis zum Erreichen einer 50%igen transversalen Überkorrektur aktiviert.

Ergebnisse

Mittels FEA konnten deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der auf die Apparaturarme einwirkenden Kräfte nachgewiesen werden. Zwischen der Vorhersagbarkeit von FEA und In-vitro-Werten zeigte sich eine zufriedenstellende Korrelation. Die Vorhersagbarkeit von F1 und F2 am Patienten lag bei 62,5 bzw. 80% nach 75 Tagen Retention.

Schlussfolgerung

Die dargestellten Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass sich FEA für die Vorhersage von Kräften eignet.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthodontics Unit 5305, Odontostomatology Department, HUBc, University of Barcelona, Planta 2, Pavelló de Govern, C/FeixaLlarga SN, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain

    Valentin Javier García & Khaled Kasem

  2. Department of Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    Rubén López-Cancelos, Rafael Comesaña, Josep Maria Ustrell i Torrent & Aida Badaoui

  3. Applied Physics Department, Applied Physics Unit, EEI, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    Antonio Riveiro

  4. Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit 5304, HUBc, University of Barcelona, Pavelló de Govern, C/FeixaLlarga SN, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain

    Mª Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes & Patricia Carvalho-Lobato

Authors
  1. Valentin Javier García
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  2. Rubén López-Cancelos
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  3. Antonio Riveiro
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  4. Rafael Comesaña
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  5. Josep Maria Ustrell i Torrent
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  6. Khaled Kasem
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  8. Mª Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes
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Correspondence to Valentin Javier García.

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Conflict of interest

VJ. Garcia, R.L. Cancelos, A. Riveiro, R. Comesaña, J.M. Ustrell, K. Kasem, A. Badaoui, M.C. Manzanares-Céspedes, and P Carvalho-Lobato declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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García, V.J., López-Cancelos, R., Riveiro, A. et al. Determination of forces on a split palatal screw after rapid maxillary expansion. J Orofac Orthop 78, 371–384 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-017-0091-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-017-0091-3

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