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Effect of prenatal stress on alcohol preference and sensitivity to chronic alcohol exposure in male rats

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Abstract

Rationale

In rats, prenatal restraint stress (PRS) induces persistent behavioral and neurobiological alterations leading to a greater consumption of psychostimulants during adulthood. However, little is known about alcohol vulnerability in this animal model.

Objectives

We examined in adolescent and adult male Sprague Dawley rats the long-lasting impact of PRS exposure on alcohol consumption.

Methods

PRS rats were subjected to a prenatal stress (three daily 45-min sessions of restraint stress to the mothers during the last 10 days of pregnancy). Alcohol preference was assessed in a two-bottle choice paradigm (alcohol 2.5%, 5%, or 10% versus water), in both naïve adolescent rats and adult rats previously exposed to a chronic alcohol treatment. Behavioral indices associated with incentive motivation for alcohol were investigated. Finally, plasma levels of transaminases (marker of hepatic damages) and ΔFosB levels in the nucleus accumbens (a potential molecular switch for addiction) were evaluated following the chronic alcohol exposure.

Results

Alcohol preference was not affected by PRS. Contrary to our expectations, stressed and unstressed rats did not display signs of compulsive alcohol consumption. The consequences of the alcohol exposure on locomotor reactivity and on transaminase levels were more prominent in PRS group. Similarly, PRS potentiated alcohol-induced ΔFosB levels in the nucleus accumbens.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that negative events occurring in utero do not modulate alcohol preference in male rats but potentiate chronic alcohol-induced molecular neuroadaptation in the brain reward circuitry. Further studies are needed to determine whether the exacerbated ΔFosB upregulation in PRS rats could be extended to other reinforcing stimuli.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the “Mission Interministérielle de Lutte contre les Drogues et les Toxicomanies” and the “Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale” (MILDT-INSERM), the “Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur les Boissons” (IREB), the “Pôle Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur les Conduites Addictives” (PIRCAD), and the University of Lille 1. Vincent VAN WAES was funded by the “Conseil Régional du Nord–Pas de Calais.” Mihaela ENACHE was funded by the “Fonds Européens de Développement Régional.” We are grateful to Dr. Julien JACQUES for his statistical advice and to Giovanna BERNAL for the English revision of the manuscript. We thank Daniel DESCHAMPS and Serge LEFEVRE for animal care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurostress UPRES EA 4347 and CNRS UMR 8576, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, 59655, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France

    Vincent Van Waes, Mihaela Enache & Stefania Maccari

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Olivier Berton

  3. Laboratory of Toxicology and Genopathy UPRES EA 2679, Université Lille Nord de France and Calmette Hospital, 59037, Lille, France

    Elisabeth Vinner & Michel Lhermitte

  4. Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Stefania Maccari

  5. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA

    Vincent Van Waes

  6. INRA UMR 1286 and CNRS UMR 5226, University of Bordeaux, 33077, Bordeaux Cedex, France

    Muriel Darnaudéry

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  1. Vincent Van Waes
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Correspondence to Stefania Maccari.

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Van Waes, V., Enache, M., Berton, O. et al. Effect of prenatal stress on alcohol preference and sensitivity to chronic alcohol exposure in male rats. Psychopharmacology 214, 197–208 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-009-1765-3

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