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Effect of d-amphetamine on inhibition and motor planning as a function of baseline performance

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Abstract

Rationale

Baseline performance has been reported to predict dopamine (DA) effects on working memory, following an inverted-U pattern. This pattern may hold true for other executive functions that are DA-sensitive.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of d-amphetamine, an indirect DA agonist, on two other putatively DA-sensitive executive functions, inhibition and motor planning, as a function of baseline performance.

Methods

Participants with no prior stimulant exposure participated in a double-blind crossover study of a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg, p.o. of d-amphetamine and placebo. Participants were divided into high and low groups, based on their performance on the antisaccade and predictive saccade tasks on the baseline day. Executive functions, mood states, heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before (T0) and after drug administration, at 1.5 (T1), 2.5 (T2) and 3.5 h (T3) post-drug.

Results

Antisaccade errors decreased with d-amphetamine irrespective of baseline performance (p = 0.025). For antisaccade latency, participants who generated short-latency antisaccades at baseline had longer latencies on d-amphetamine than placebo, while those with long-latency antisaccades at baseline had shorter latencies on d-amphetamine than placebo (drug × group, p = 0.04). d-amphetamine did not affect motor planning. Ratings of mood improved on d-amphetamine (p < 0.001). Magnitude of d-amphetamine-induced changes in elation was related to baseline reaction time variability.

Conclusions

d-amphetamine reduced antisaccade error rates in healthy controls, replicating and extending findings with DA agonists in clinical populations. d-amphetamine had baseline-dependent effects on antisaccade latency, consistent with an inverted-U relationship between performance and DA activity.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by an NSERC Doctoral Fellowship (AA), a William Dawson Scholar Award (GO'D, ML), a James McGill Professorship (CB), a GW Stairs Memorial Fund grant (GO'D) and operating funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CB, AD, ML and G'OD). The expert technical assistance of Gail Rauw is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada

    Ava-Ann Allman, Marco Leyton & Gillian A. O’Driscoll

  2. Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Chawki Benkelfat, France Durand, Igor Sibon, Marco Leyton & Gillian A. O’Driscoll

  3. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Chawki Benkelfat, Alain Dagher & Marco Leyton

  4. Douglas Hospital Research Center, Verdun, QC, Canada

    Gillian A. O’Driscoll

  5. McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Chawki Benkelfat, Alain Dagher, Marco Leyton & Gillian A. O’Driscoll

  6. Department of Psychiatry, Mackenzie Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Glen B. Baker

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  1. Ava-Ann Allman
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  2. Chawki Benkelfat
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  3. France Durand
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  4. Igor Sibon
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  6. Marco Leyton
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  7. Glen B. Baker
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  8. Gillian A. O’Driscoll
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Correspondence to Gillian A. O’Driscoll.

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Allman, AA., Benkelfat, C., Durand, F. et al. Effect of d-amphetamine on inhibition and motor planning as a function of baseline performance. Psychopharmacology 211, 423–433 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1912-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1912-x

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