Abstract
A method to assign a personality to a spoken dialogue agent is proposed and evaluated. The proposed method assigns a personality using agent reporting about behavior independent of interaction with a user. The proposed method attempts to assigning complex personalities. For this purpose, we have defined a behavior report dialogue and designed a personality assigning method using behavior reporting. The proposed method consists of three steps: collecting stereotypes between a personality and behavior through a questionnaire, designing the behavior report dialogue from the collected stereotypes, and agent reports about behavior at the start of interactions with a user. Experimental results show that the proposed method can assign a personality by repeating the behavior report dialogue, (the assigned personality is equivalent to the personality determined by the collected stereotypes) and that reporting behavior influences the assigned personality. In addition, we verified that the proposed method can assign “kind”, “judicious” and the five basic personalities defined in the Tokyo University Egogram Second Edition.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
jThree: http://jthree.jp/.
References
Brave, S., Nass, C., Hutchinson, K.: Computers that care: investigating the effects of orientation of emotion exhibited by an embodied computer agent. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 62(2), 161–178 (2005)
Broadbent, E., Peri, K., Kerse, N., Jayawardena, C., Kuo, I., Datta, C., Bruce, M.: Robots in older people’s homes to improve medication adherence and quality of life: a randomised cross-over trial. Proc. Int. Conf. Soc. Robot. 2014, 64–73 (2014)
Burgoon, J.K., Hale, J.L.: Validation and measurement of the fundamental themes of relational communication. Commun. Monogr. 54(1), 19–41 (1987)
Isbister, K., Nass, C.: Consistency of personality in interactive characters: verbal cues, non-verbal cues, and user characteristics. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 53(2), 251–267 (2000)
Kelman, H.C.: Processes of opinion change. Public Opin. Q. 25(1), 57–78 (1961)
Loyall, A.B., Bates, J., Believable agents: building interactive personalities. Appear in PhD Thesis, Dept. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ. (1997)
Mairesse, F., Walker, M.: Trainable generation of big-five personality styles through data-driven parameter estimation. Proc. Annu. Meet. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. Hum. Lang. Technol. 46, 165–173 (2008)
Mischel, W., Shouda, Y., Ayduk, O.: Introduction to Personality Toward an Integrative Science of the Person, 8th edn. Wiley, Oxford (2007)
Miura, A.: Psychological survey for evaluation. J. Jpn. Soc. Artif. Intell. 21(2), 225–231 (2006)
Nakagawa, K., Shinozawa, K., Matsumura, R., Ishiguro, H., Hagita, N.: Persuasive Effects of Robots. Personality, in Proceedings of Forum on Information Technology 2010, pp. 89–92 (2010)
Nakajima, H., Morishima, Y., Yamada, R., Brave, S., Maldonado, H., Nass, C., Kawaji, S.: Social intelligence in a human-machine collaboration system. Trans. Jpn. Soc. Artif. Intell. 19(3), 184–196 (2004)
Nass, C., Moon, Y., Fogg, B.J., Reeves, B., Dryer, C.: Can computer personalities be human personalities? Proc. Conf. Hum. Factors Comput. Syst. 1995, 228–229 (1995)
Niwa, S., Maruno, S.: Development of a scale to assess the depth of self-disclosure. Jpn. J. Person. 18(3), 196–209 (2010)
Ogawa, Y., Miyazawa, K., Kikuchi, H.: Giving a personality to a spoken dialogue agent by its self-disclosures. Trans. Hum. Interface Soc. 15(1), 419–431 (2013)
Reeves, B., Nass, C.: The Media Equation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1996)
Salem, M., Ziadee, M., Sakr, M.: Effects of politeness and interaction context on perception and experience of HRI. Proc. Int. Conf. Soc. Robot. 2013, 531–541 (2013)
Suematsu, H., Nomura, S., Wada, M.: Tokyo University Egogram New Ver. II. Kanekoshobo, Tokyo (1993)
Sugiura, K., Shiga, Y., Kawai, H., Misu, T., Hori, C.: Non-monologue HMM-based speech synthesis for service robots: a cloud robotics approach. Proc. Int. Conf. Robot. Autom. 2014, 2237–2242 (2014)
Sugiyama H., Meguro T., Higashinaka R., Response generation for questions about dialogue system’s personality, in Proceedings of SIG-SLUD-B303, pp. 33–38 (2014)
Suzuki, Y., Kino, K.: Development of the multidimensional empathy scale (MES): focusing on the distinction between self- and other-orientation. Jpn. J. Educ. Psychol. 56(4), 487–497 (2008)
Takeuchi, Y.: Ethopoeia in social human–computer interaction. J. Jpn. Soc. Artif. Intell. 16(6), 826–833 (2001)
Takigiku, K., Sakamoto, A.: Cognitive reflectivity-the making of impulsiveness standard-study about the reliability and appropriateness. Proc. Annu. Meet. Jpn. Group Dyn. Assoc. 39, 39–40 (1991)
Uratani, T., Nomura, T., Kanda, T., Kidokoro, H., Suehiro, Y., Matsumoto, K., Yamada, S.: Exploration of reasons why children bully robots. Proc. Hum. Agent Interact. Symp. 2014, 238–242 (2014)
van Vugt, H., Konijn, E., Hoorn, J., Keur, I., Eliĕns, A.: Realism is not all! User engagement with task-related interface characters. Interact. Comput. 19(2), 267–280 (2007)
Wilks, Y., Catizone, R., Human-Computer Conversation. http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/9906027 (1999)
Yuasa M., Takekawa N., A strategic nonverbal behavior and interpersonal-impression control model for extracting user decision-making. Trans. Inst. Electron. Inf. Commun. Eng. D J94-D, 1, pp. 124–137 (2011)
Yuasa M., Sato A., A method to foster continuous system use through a cooperative animated agent. Trans. Inst. Electron. Inf. Commun. Eng. A J97-A(6), 396–405 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
In association with The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence.
About this article
Cite this article
Ogawa, Y., Kikuchi, H. Assigning a Personality to a Spoken Dialogue Agent by Behavior Reporting. New Gener. Comput. 35, 181–209 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00354-017-0012-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00354-017-0012-4