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Nicotine dependence is associated with depression and childhood trauma in smokers with schizophrenia: results from the FACE-SZ dataset

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Abstract

In a perspective of personalized care for smoking cessation, a better clinical characterization of smokers with schizophrenia (SZ) is needed. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of SZ smokers with severe nicotine (NIC) dependence. 240 stabilized community-dwelling SZ smokers (mean age = 31.9 years, 80.4% male gender) were consecutively included in the network of the FondaMental Expert Centers for Schizophrenia and assessed with validated scales. Severe NIC dependence was defined by a Fagerstrom questionnaire score ≥ 7. Depression was defined by a Calgary score ≥ 6. Childhood trauma was self-reported by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score (CTQ). Ongoing psychotropic treatment was recorded. Severe NIC dependence was identified in 83 subjects (34.6%), depression in 60 (26.3%). 44 (22.3%) subjects were treated by antidepressants. In a multivariate model, severe NIC dependence remained associated with depression (OR = 3.2, p = 0.006), male gender (OR = 4.5, p = 0.009) and more slightly with childhood trauma (OR = 1.03, p = 0.044), independently of socio-demographic characteristics, psychotic symptoms severity, psychotropic treatments and alcohol disorder. NIC dependence was independently and strongly associated with, respectively, depression and male gender in schizophrenia, and only slightly with history of childhood trauma. Based on these results, the care of both nicotine dependence and depression should be evaluated for an effective smoking cessation intervention in schizophrenia.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by Le Vinatier Hospital, AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Fondation FondaMental (RTRS Santé Mentale), by the Investissements d’Avenir program managed by the ANR under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 and ANR-10-COHO-10-01, and by INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale). We express all our thanks to the nurses, and to the patients who were included in the present study. We thank Hakim Laouamri, and his team (Stéphane Beaufort, Seif Ben Salem, Karmène Souyris, Victor Barteau and Mohamed Laaidi) for the development of the FACE-SZ computer interface, data management, quality control and regulatory aspects.

FACE-SZ group: M. Andrianarisoaa,m, B. Aouizerateb,m, F. Bernac,m, O. Blancd,m, L. Brunela,m, E. Bulzackaa,m, D. Capdeviellee,m, I. Chereau-Boudetd,m, G. Chesnoy-Servaninf,m, J.M. Danionc,m, T. D’Amatof,m, A. Delogeg,m, C. Delormeh,m, H. Denizotd,m, J.M. Doreyf,m, C. Dubertreti,m, J. Dubreucqh,m, C. Fagetj,m, C. Fluttazh,m, G. Fondk,m, S. Fonteneaul,m, F. Gabayeth,m, E. Giraud-Baroh,m, M.C. Hardy-Baylel,m, D. Lacelled,m, C. Lançonj,m, H. Laouamrim, M. Leboyera,m, T. Le Gloaheca,m, Y. Le Strati,m, P.M. Llorcad,m, J. Malleti,m, E. Metairiej,m, D. Misdrahig,m, I. Offerlin-Meyerc,m, C. Passerieuxl,m, P. Perij,m, S. Piresd,m, C. Portalieri,m, R. Reyf,m, C. Romanh,m, M. Sebilleaul,m, A. Schandrine,m, F. Schürhoffa,m, A. Tessierg,m, A.M. Tronched,m, M. Urbachl,m, F. Vaillantj,m, A. Vehierf,m, P. Vidailhetc,m, J. Vilaina,m, E. Vilàg,m, H. Yazbeke,m, A. Zinetti-Bertschyc,m.

aINSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, F-94010, Créteil, France.

bCentre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.

cHôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.

dCMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d’Auvergne, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.

eService Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France.

fINSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678 Bron Cedex, France.

gCentre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA.

hCentre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.

iAP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France.

jAssistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, Marseille, France.

kClinique Jeanne D’Arc-Hôpital Privé Parisien, Saint Mandé, F94000, France, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes, F30000, France.

lService de psychiatrie d’adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, EA 4047 HANDIReSP, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.

mFondation Fondamental.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France

    Romain Rey, Thierry D’Amato, Laurent Boyer, Lore Brunel, Bruno Aouizerate, Fabrice Berna, Delphine Capdevielle, Isabelle Chereau, Gabrielle Chesnoy-Servanin, Hélène Denizot, Jean-Michel Dorey, Caroline Dubertret, Julien Dubreucq, Catherine Faget, Franck Gabayet, Christophe Lancon, Jasmina Mallet, David Misdrahi, Christine Passerieux, Aurélie Schandrin, Franck Schürhoff, Mathieu Urbach, Pierre Vidailhet, Pierre-Michel Llorca & Guillaume Fond

  2. INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678 Bron Cedex, France

    Romain Rey, Thierry D’Amato, Gabrielle Chesnoy-Servanin & Jean-Michel Dorey

  3. Pôle Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, F-13274, Marseille cedex 09, France

    Laurent Boyer

  4. INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, 40 rue de Mesly, F-94010, Créteil, France

    Lore Brunel & Franck Schürhoff

  5. Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France, Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, F-33000, Bordeaux, France

    Bruno Aouizerate

  6. Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Fabrice Berna & Pierre Vidailhet

  7. Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France

    Delphine Capdevielle & Aurélie Schandrin

  8. CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d’Auvergne, BP 69 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France

    Isabelle Chereau, Hélène Denizot & Pierre-Michel Llorca

  9. AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France

    Caroline Dubertret & Jasmina Mallet

  10. Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France

    Julien Dubreucq & Franck Gabayet

  11. Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, Marseille, France

    Catherine Faget & Christophe Lancon

  12. Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA, Bordeaux, France

    David Misdrahi

  13. Service de psychiatrie d’adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France

    Christine Passerieux & Mathieu Urbach

  14. Clinique Jeanne D’Arc-Hôpital Privé Parisien, Saint Mandé, F94000, France, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes, F30000, France

    Guillaume Fond

Authors
  1. Romain Rey
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  2. Thierry D’Amato
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  3. Laurent Boyer
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  4. Lore Brunel
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  6. Fabrice Berna
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  7. Delphine Capdevielle
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  8. Isabelle Chereau
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  9. Gabrielle Chesnoy-Servanin
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  11. Jean-Michel Dorey
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  12. Caroline Dubertret
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  13. Julien Dubreucq
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  14. Catherine Faget
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  15. Franck Gabayet
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  16. Christophe Lancon
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  17. Jasmina Mallet
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  18. David Misdrahi
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  19. Christine Passerieux
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  20. Aurélie Schandrin
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  23. Pierre Vidailhet
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  25. Guillaume Fond
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Consortia

The FACE-SZ (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia) group

  • M. Andrianarisoa
  • , M. Andrianarisoa
  • , B. Aouizerate
  • , F. Berna
  • , O. Blanc
  • , L. Brunel
  • , E. Bulzacka
  • , D. Capdevielle
  • , I. Chereau-Boudet
  • , G. Chesnoy-Servanin
  • , J.M. Danion
  • , T. D’Amato
  • , A. Deloge
  • , C. Delorme
  • , H. Denizot
  • , J.M. Dorey
  • , C. Dubertret
  • , J. Dubreucq
  • , C. Faget
  • , C. Fluttaz
  • , G. Fond
  • , S. Fonteneau
  • , F. Gabayet
  • , E. Giraud-Baro
  • , M.C. Hardy-Bayle
  • , D. Lacelle
  • , C. Lançon
  • , H. Laouamri
  • , M. Leboyer
  • , T. Le Gloahec
  • , Y. Le Strat
  • , P.M. Llorca
  • , J. Mallet
  • , E. Metairie
  • , D. Misdrahi
  • , I. Offerlin-Meyer
  • , C. Passerieux
  • , P. Peri
  • , S. Pires
  • , C. Portalier
  • , R. Rey
  • , C. Roman
  • , M. Sebilleau
  • , A. Schandrin
  • , F. Schürhoff
  • , A. Tessier
  • , A.M. Tronche
  • , M. Urbach
  • , F. Vaillant
  • , A. Vehier
  • , P. Vidailhet
  • , J. Vilain
  • , E. Vilà
  • , H. Yazbek
  •  & A. Zinetti-Bertschy

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Romain Rey.

Ethics declarations

The assessment protocol was approved by the relevant ethical review board (CPP-Ile de France IX, January 18th, 2010). This study has, therefore, been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All subjects gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Rey, R., D’Amato, T., Boyer, L. et al. Nicotine dependence is associated with depression and childhood trauma in smokers with schizophrenia: results from the FACE-SZ dataset. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 267, 567–577 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-017-0779-9

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