Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Tobacco smoking is associated with antipsychotic medication, physical aggressiveness, and alcohol use disorder in schizophrenia: results from the FACE-SZ national cohort

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Tobacco smoking is common in schizophrenia and is one of the main causes of premature mortality in this disorder. Little is known about clinical correlates and treatments associated with tobacco smoking in patients with schizophrenia. Still, a better characterization of these patients is necessary, in a personalized care approach. Aggressiveness and childhood trauma have been associated with tobacco smoking in general population, but this association has never been explored in schizophrenia. Our study examines the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of tobacco smoking in schizophrenia. 474 stabilized patients (mean age = 32.2; 75.7% male gender; smokers n = 207, 54.6%) were consecutively included in the network of the FondaMental Expert centers for Schizophrenia and assessed with valid scales. Current tobacco status was self-declared. Aggressiveness was self-reported with Buss–Perry Aggressiveness Questionnaire and Childhood Trauma with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Ongoing treatment was reported. In univariate analysis, tobacco smoking was associated with lower education level (p < 0.01), positive syndrome (p < 0.01), higher physical aggressiveness (p < 0.001), alcohol dependence (p < 0.001), and First Generation Antipsychotics (FGAs) use (p = 0.018). In a multivariate model, tobacco smoking remained associated with physical aggressiveness (p < 0.05), current alcohol dependence (p < 0.01) and FGA use (p < 0.05). No association was observed with childhood trauma history, mood disorder, suicidal behavior, psychotic symptom, global functioning or medication adherence. Patients with tobacco use present clinical and therapeutic specificities, questioning the neurobiological links between tobacco and schizophrenia. They could represent a specific phenotype, with specific clinical and therapeutic specificities that may involve interactions between cholinergic–nicotinic system and dopaminergic system. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the potential efficacy of second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) on tobacco use in schizophrenia and to develop effective strategies for tobacco cessation in this population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mallet J, Le Strat Y, Schürhoff F et al (2017) Cigarette smoking and schizophrenia: a specific clinical and therapeutic profile? Results from the FACE-Schizophrenia cohort. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 79:332–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.026

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. De Leon J, Diaz FJ (2005) A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors. Schizophr Res 76:135–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.02.010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Goff DC, Henderson DC, Amico E (1992) Cigarette smoking in schizophrenia: relationship to psychopathology and medication side effects. Am J Psychiatry 149:1189–1194. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Levander S, Eberhard J, Lindström E (2007) Nicotine use and its correlates in patients with psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01085.x

  5. Manzella F, Maloney SE, Taylor GT (2015) Smoking in schizophrenic patients: a critique of the self-medication hypothesis. World J Psychiatry 5:35–46. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.35

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. El Hage C, Bédard A-M, Samaha A-N (2015) Antipsychotic treatment leading to dopamine supersensitivity persistently alters nucleus accumbens function. Neuropharmacology 99:715–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Matthews AM, Wilson VB, Mitchell SH (2011) The role of antipsychotics in smoking and smoking cessation. CNS Drugs 25:299–315. https://doi.org/10.2165/11588170-000000000-00000

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Akerman SC, Brunette MF, Noordsy DL, Green AI (2014) Pharmacotherapy of Co-occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorders. Curr Addict Rep 1:251–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-014-0034-7

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Samaha A-N (2014) Can antipsychotic treatment contribute to drug addiction in schizophrenia? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 52:9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Addington J, el-Guebaly N, Addington D, Hodgins D (1997) Readiness to stop smoking in schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry 42:49–52

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Potvin S, Lungu O, Lipp O et al (2016) Increased ventro-medial prefrontal activations in schizophrenia smokers during cigarette cravings. Schizophr Res 173:30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Aubin H-J, Rollema H, Svensson TH, Winterer G (2012) Smoking, quitting, and psychiatric disease: a review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 36:271–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.06.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fond G, Guillaume S, Artero S et al (2013) Self-reported major depressive symptoms at baseline impact abstinence prognosis in smoking cessation program. A one-year prospective study. J Affect Disord 149:418–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.066

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Leonard S, Adler LE, Benhammou K et al (2001) Smoking and mental illness. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 70:561–570

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Malone KM, Waternaux C, Haas GL et al (2003) Cigarette smoking, suicidal behavior, and serotonin function in major psychiatric disorders. Am J Psychiatry 160:773–779. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.773

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Picciotto MR, Lewis AS, van Schalkwyk GI, Mineur YS (2015) Mood and anxiety regulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: a potential pathway to modulate aggression and related behavioral states. Neuropharmacology 96:235–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.028

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Fazel S, Gulati G, Linsell L et al (2009) Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 6:e1000120. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000120

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Yeoman K, Safranek T, Buss B et al (2013) Adverse childhood experiences and adult smoking, Nebraska, 2011. Prev Chronic Dis 10:E159. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd10.130009

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Anda RF, Croft JB, Felitti VJ et al (1999) Adverse childhood experiences and smoking during adolescence and adulthood. JAMA 282:1652–1658. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.17.1652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Chassin L, Presson CC, Pitts SC, Sherman SJ (2000) The natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood in a midwestern community sample: multiple trajectories and their psychosocial correlates. Health Psychol 19:223–231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaiser RH, Clegg R, Goer F et al (2017) Childhood stress, grown-up brain networks: corticolimbic correlates of threat-related early life stress and adult stress response. Psychol Med 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717002628

  22. Carliner H, Gary D, McLaughlin KA, Keyes KM (2017) Trauma exposure and externalizing disorders in adolescents: results from the national comorbidity survey adolescent supplement. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56:755–764.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.06.006

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Varese F, Smeets F, Drukker M et al (2012) Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr Bull 38:661–671. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs050

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Schürhoff F, Fond G, Berna F et al (2015) A National network of schizophrenia expert centres: an innovative tool to bridge the research-practice gap. Eur Psychiatry 30:728–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.05.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. (2000) DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association, Lake St. Louis

  26. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW (2002) Structural clinical interview for DSM IV-TR Axis I disorder, Research version, Patient Edition with Psychotic Screen (SCID-I/P W/PSY SCREEN). Biometric Research, New York Psychiatric Institute, New York

  27. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987) The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13:261–276

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bernard D, Lançon C, Auquier P et al (1998) Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia: a study of the validity of a French-language version in a population of schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 97:36–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA (1978) A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry 133:429–435. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.133.5.429

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Byerly MJ, Nakonezny PA, Rush AJ (2008) The Brief Adherence Rating Scale (BARS) validated against electronic monitoring in assessing the antipsychotic medication adherence of outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr Res 100:60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.470

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J (1976) The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:766–771

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Buss AH, Perry M (1992) The aggression questionnaire. J Pers Soc Psychol 63:452–459

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Baudin G, Godin O, Lajnef M et al (2016) Differential effects of childhood trauma and cannabis use disorders in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 175:161–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.04.042

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. L DP, M LMB Z (2004) Validation of the French version of the CTQ and prevalence of the history of maltreatment. Sante Ment Que 29:201–220. https://doi.org/10.7202/008831ar

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Bursac Z, Gauss CH, Williams DK, Hosmer DW (2008) Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source Code Biol Med 3:17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0473-3-17

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Bender R, Lange S (2001) Adjusting for multiple testing–when and how? J Clin Epidemiol 54:343–349

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Guignard R, BECK F, WILQUIN JL et al (2015) La consommation de tabac en France et son évolution: résultats du Baromètre santé 2014. Bull Epidémiol Hebd (17–18):281–288. http://www.invs.sante.fr/beh/2015/17-18/2015_17-18_1.html

  38. Allen MH, Debanné M, Lazignac C et al (2011) Effect of nicotine replacement therapy on agitation in smokers with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 168:395–399. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040569

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. D’Souza DC, Ahn K, Bhakta S et al (2012) Nicotine fails to attenuate ketamine-induced cognitive deficits and negative and positive symptoms in humans: implications for schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 72:785–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Drusch K, Lowe A, Fisahn K et al (2013) Effects of nicotine on social cognition, social competence and self-reported stress in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 263:519–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-012-0377-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Jamner LD, Shapiro D, Jarvik ME (1999) Nicotine reduces the frequency of anger reports in smokers and nonsmokers with high but not low hostility: an ambulatory study. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 7:454–463

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Koskinen J, Löhönen J, Koponen H et al (2009) Prevalence of alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 120:85–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01385.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. De Leon J, Diaz FJ (2012) Genetics of schizophrenia and smoking: an approach to studying their comorbidity based on epidemiological findings. Hum Genet 131:877–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-011-1122-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Adams S (2017) Psychopharmacology of tobacco and alcohol comorbidity: a review of current evidence. Curr Addict Rep 4:25–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-017-0129-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Rey R, D’Amato T, Boyer L et al (2017) Nicotine dependence is associated with depression and childhood trauma in smokers with schizophrenia: results from the FACE-SZ dataset. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-017-0779-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kendler KS, Lönn SL, Sundquist J, Sundquist K (2015) Smoking and Schizophrenia in population cohorts of swedish women and men: a prospective co-relative control study. Am J Psychiatry 172:1092–1100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15010126

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. McEvoy J, Freudenreich O, McGee M et al (1995) Clozapine decreases smoking in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiat 37:550–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(94)00365-A

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. McEvoy JP, Freudenreich O, Levin ED, Rose JE (1995) Haloperidol increases smoking in patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 119:124–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02246063

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Hirasawa-Fujita M, Bly MJ, Ellingrod VL et al (2014) Genetic variation of the Mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) is related to smoking differences in patients with schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.MHMB.061314

  50. De Haan L, Booij J, Lavalaye J et al (2006) Occupancy of dopamine D2 receptors by antipsychotic drugs is related to nicotine addiction in young patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 183:500–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-005-0218-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kay SR, Opler LA, Lindenmayer JP (1988) Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenics. Psychiatry Res 23:99–110

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We express all our thanks to the nurses, and to the patients who were included in the present study. We thank Hakim Laouamri, and his team (Stéphane Beaufort, Seif Ben Salem, Karmène Souyris, Victor Barteau and Mohamed Laaidi) for the development of the FACE-SZ computer interface, data management, quality control and regulatory aspects.

FACE-SCZ Group

Andrianarisoa Md,l, Aouizerate Ba,l, MD PhD, Bazin Nk,l, MD PhD, Berna Fb,l, MD PhD, Blanc Oc,l, Msc, Brunel Ld,l, Msc, Bulzacka Ed,l, Msc, Capdevielle De,l, MD PhD, Chereau-Boudet Ic,l, MD, Chesnoy-Servanin Gf,l, Msc, Coulon Nathalied,1, Danion Jmb,l, MD, D’Amato Tf,l, MD PhD, Deloge Ag,l, MD PhD, Delorme Ch,l, Msc, Denizot Hc,l, MD, Dorey JMf,l, MD, Dubertret Ci,l, MD PhD, Dubreucq Jh,l, MD, Faget Cj,l, MD, Fluttaz Ch,l, Msc, Fond Gl, MD, PhD, Fonteneau Sk,l, Msc, Gabayet Fh,l, Msc, Giraud-Baro Eh,l, MD, Lacelle Dc,l, Msc, Lançon Cj,l, MD PhD, Laouamri Hl, Msc, Leboyer Md,l, MD PhD, Le Gloahec Td,l, Msc, Le Strat Yi,l, MD PhD, Llorcac,l PM, MD PhD, Mallet Ji,l, MD, Metairie Ej,l, Msc, Misdrahi Dg,l, MD, Offerlin-Meyer Ib,l, PhD, Passerieux Ck,l, MD PhD, Peri Pj,l, Msc, Pires Sc,l, Msc, Portalier Ci,l, Msc, Ramet Lk,l, Msc, Rey Rf,l, MD, Roman Ch,l, Msc, Schandrin Ae,l, MD, Schürhoff Fd,l, MD PhD, Tessier Ag,l, Msc, Tronche Amc,l, MD, Urbach Mk,l, MD, Vaillant Fj,l, Msc, Vehier Af,l, Msc, Vidailhet Pb,l, MD PhD, Vilà Eg,l, Msc, Yazbek He,l, PhD, Zinetti-Bertschy Ab,l, Msc.

aCentre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, F-33000 Bordeaux, France

bHôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

cCMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d’Auvergne, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1,

dINSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France

eService Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France.

fINSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678 Bron Cedex, France

gCentre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA

hCentre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.

iAP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France ; Inserm U894, France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France.

jAssistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, Marseille, France.

kService de psychiatrie d’adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, EA 4047 HANDIReSP, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.

lFondation Fondamental

Funding

This work was funded by AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Fondation FondaMental (RTRS Santé Mentale), by the Investissements d’Avenir program managed by the ANR under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 and ANR-10-COHO-10-01, and by INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France

    J. Mallet, Y. Le Strat, F. Schürhoff, N. Mazer, C. Portalier, M. Andrianarisoa, B. Aouizerate, F. Berna, L. Brunel, D. Capdevielle, I. Chereau, T. D’Amato, J. Dubreucq, C. Faget, F. Gabayet, R. M. Honciuc, C. Lançon, P. M. Llorca, D. Misdrahi, R. Rey, P. Roux, A. Schandrin, M. Urbach, P. Vidailhet, G. Fond & C. Dubertret

  2. AP-HP, Paris, France

    J. Mallet, Y. Le Strat, N. Mazer, C. Portalier & C. Dubertret

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Service de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92700, Colombes, France

    J. Mallet, Y. Le Strat, N. Mazer, C. Portalier & C. Dubertret

  4. Inserm U894, Paris, France

    J. Mallet, Y. Le Strat, N. Mazer, C. Portalier & C. Dubertret

  5. Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France

    J. Mallet, Y. Le Strat, N. Mazer, C. Portalier & C. Dubertret

  6. INSERM U955, Équipe de Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France

    F. Schürhoff, M. Andrianarisoa & L. Brunel

  7. Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France

    F. Schürhoff, M. Andrianarisoa & L. Brunel

  8. Pôle Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 13274, Marseille Cedex 09, France

    C. Faget

  9. Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, 33076, Bordeaux, France

    B. Aouizerate & D. Misdrahi

  10. Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    B. Aouizerate & D. Misdrahi

  11. Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    F. Berna & P. Vidailhet

  12. Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France

    D. Capdevielle & A. Schandrin

  13. CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d’Auvergne, BP 69 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France

    I. Chereau, R. M. Honciuc & P. M. Llorca

  14. INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678, Bron Cedex, France

    T. D’Amato & R. Rey

  15. Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France

    J. Dubreucq & F. Gabayet

  16. Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Marseille, France

    C. Lançon

  17. Service de psychiatrie d’adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France

    P. Roux & M. Urbach

  18. Bordeaux Sleep Clinique, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux University, USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, Research Unit, 33000, Bordeaux, France

    B. Aouizerate

  19. Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, 33000, Bordeaux, France

    B. Aouizerate

  20. CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA, Bordeaux, France

    D. Misdrahi

Authors
  1. J. Mallet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Y. Le Strat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. Schürhoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. Mazer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. C. Portalier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. Andrianarisoa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. B. Aouizerate
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. F. Berna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. L. Brunel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. D. Capdevielle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. I. Chereau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. T. D’Amato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. J. Dubreucq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. C. Faget
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. F. Gabayet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. R. M. Honciuc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. C. Lançon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. P. M. Llorca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. D. Misdrahi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. R. Rey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  21. P. Roux
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  22. A. Schandrin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  23. M. Urbach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  24. P. Vidailhet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  25. G. Fond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  26. C. Dubertret
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Consortia

the FACE-SZ (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia) group

  • M Andrianarisoa
  • , B Aouizerate
  • , N Bazin
  • , F Berna
  • , O Blanc
  • , L Brunel
  • , E Bulzacka
  • , D Capdevielle
  • , I Chereau-Boudet
  • , G Chesnoy-Servanin
  • , Coulon Nathalie
  • , JM Danion
  • , T D’Amato
  • , A Deloge
  • , C Delorme
  • , H Denizot
  • , JM Dorey
  • , C Dubertret
  • , J Dubreucq
  • , C Faget
  • , C Fluttaz
  • , G Fond
  • , S Fonteneau
  • , F Gabayet
  • , E Giraud-Baro
  • , D Lacelle
  • , C Lançon
  • , H Laouamri
  • , M Leboyer
  • , T Le Gloahec
  • , Y Le Strat
  • , PM Llorca
  • , J Mallet
  • , E Metairie
  • , D Misdrahi
  • , I Offerlin-Meyer
  • , C Passerieux
  • , P Peri
  • , S Pires
  • , C Portalier
  • , L Ramet
  • , R Rey
  • , C Roman
  • , A Schandrin
  • , F Schürhoff
  • , A Tessier
  • , AM Tronche
  • , M Urbach
  • , F Vaillant
  • , A Vehier
  • , P Vidailhet
  • , E Vilà
  • , H Yazbek
  •  & A Zinetti-Bertschy

Contributions

The authors had full access to all of the data in the study and take the responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Dr Jasmina Mallet drafted the article and made the literature review. Dr Guillaume Fond and Dr Jasmina Mallet performed the statistical analysis. Pr Franck Schürhoff, Pr Dubertret, Pr le Strat and Guillaume Fond contributed to the interpretation of data and critically revised the article. All the authors were involved in the collection and analysis of the data. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Mallet.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This study has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and has, therefore, been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

Additional information

FACE-SCZ Group members are listed in Acknowledgements.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mallet, J., Le Strat, Y., Schürhoff, F. et al. Tobacco smoking is associated with antipsychotic medication, physical aggressiveness, and alcohol use disorder in schizophrenia: results from the FACE-SZ national cohort. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 269, 449–457 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-018-0873-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-018-0873-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation