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Distribution patterns, ecological niche and conservation status of endemic Tillandsia purpurea along the Peruvian coast

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Abstract

Species distribution modeling and assessment of the possible current conservation status for loma-forming Tillandsia purpurea Ruiz & Pavón in Peru were performed. This species is considered an epiarenic species that lives under hyperarid conditions, where its main source of water and nutrients comes from the fog of the Pacific coast. For the distribution modeling, 63 records from different sources of information were used, including a current field survey. Locations covered the whole range of the species´ known distribution along the Peruvian coast, and respective elevations lie between 0 and 2000 m a. s. l. Likewise, 27 environmental variables were used, including bioclimatic and eco-geographical ones, to determine the corresponding ecological niche and compare between actual and potential distribution. The conservation status was estimated according to the criteria recommended by the IUCN red list. High probability values were obtained predicting the occurrence of T. purpurea and describing respective environmental conditions such as altitudinal distribution between 400 and 1200 m and predominant southwest exposure of habitats. The conservation status of T. purpurea was supposed between "least concern" and near threatened, recommending that this species should be placed into the latter category and considering recurrent threats by direct anthropogenic impact and climate change verified during the field surveys.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request and have been deposited with DRYAD (https://datadryad.org/stash/share/XRj383mVdFl_BUISATewN7QU2640XNmpDHr2tnyH85c).

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Acknowledgements

We thank Mr. Jorge Ignacio for his collaboration in the field work in Tacna (Peru).

Funding

F. Villasante Benavides and collaborators acknowledge the financial support of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (Concytec) through its executing unit the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (Fondecyt) for this research work. The present work was funded by Fondecyt through the ERANet-LAC program (ELAC2015/T01-0872).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento Académico de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru

    Francisco Villasante Benavides, C. R. Luque-Fernández & Luis N. Villegas Paredes

  2. Instituto de Investigación de Ciencia y Gestión Ambiental (ICIGA), Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru

    Francisco Villasante Benavides,  G. Anthony Pauca-Tanco, C. R. Luque-Fernández & Luis N. Villegas Paredes

  3. Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Católica San Pablo, Arequipa, Peru

    Johana del Pilar Quispe-Turpo

  4. Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

    Marcus A. Koch

  5. Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

    Alexander Siegmund & Marcus A. Koch

  6. Department of Geography, Research Group for Earth Observation (rgeo), Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany

    Alexander Siegmund

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  1. Francisco Villasante Benavides
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Contributions

FV, MAK and AS conceived the project and the experiments. FV, CL, AP, JP and LV conducted the experiment(s). AP and CL analyzed the results. FV, AP and CL drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the final manuscript draft.

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Correspondence to Francisco Villasante Benavides or Marcus A. Koch.

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Villasante Benavides, F., Pauca-Tanco, .A., Luque-Fernández, C.R. et al. Distribution patterns, ecological niche and conservation status of endemic Tillandsia purpurea along the Peruvian coast. Plant Syst Evol 307, 52 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01773-0

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