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Hydroclimatic change disparity of Peruvian Pacific drainage catchments

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Abstract

Peruvian Pacific drainage catchments only benefit from 2% of the total national available freshwater while they concentrate almost 50% of the population of the country. This situation is likely to lead a severe water scarcity and also constitutes an obstacle to economic development. Catchment runoff fluctuations in response to climate variability and/or human activities can be reflected in extreme events, representing a serious concern (like floods, erosion, droughts) in the study area. To document this crucial issue for Peru, we present here an insightful analysis of the water quantity resource variability of this region, exploring the links between this variability and climate and/or anthropogenic pressure. We first present a detailed analysis of the hydroclimatologic variability at annual timescale and at basin scale over the 1970–2008 period. In addition to corroborating the influence of extreme El Niño events over precipitation and runoff in northern catchments, a mean warming of 0.2 °C per decade over all catchments was found. Also, higher values of temperature and potential and actual evapotranspiration were found over northern latitudes. We chose to apply the Budyko-Zhang framework that characterizes the water cycle as a function of climate only, allowing the identification of catchments with significant climatic and anthropogenic influence on water balance. The Budyko-Zhang methodology revealed that 11 out of 26 initial catchments are characterized by low water balance disparity related to minor climatic and anthropogenic influence. These 11 catchments were suitable for identifying catchments with contrasting change in their hydroclimatic behavior using the Budyko trajectories. Our analysis further reveals that six hydrological catchment responses can be characterized by high sensitivity to climate variability and land use changes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank SENAMHI (Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Peru) for providing complete hydrometeorological raw dataset. We thank the anonymous reviewer for his constructive comments that helped improve the original manuscript. B. Dewitte acknowledges supports from FONDECYT (projects 1171861 and 1151185).

Funding

This work was supported by Peruvian Ministry of Education (MINEDU-PRONABEC scholarship).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR 5563 GET, Université de Toulouse - CNRS-IRD-OMP-CNES, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France

    Pedro Rau, Luc Bourrel, David Labat & Frédéric Frappart

  2. UMR 5566 LEGOS, Université de Toulouse - CNRS-IRD-OMP-CNES, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France

    Frédéric Frappart & Boris Dewitte

  3. CNRS, UMR 5569 HydroSciences Montpellier, 300 Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34095, Montpellier, France

    Denis Ruelland

  4. SENAMHI, Jirón Cahuide 785, 11, Lima, Peru

    Waldo Lavado & Oscar Felipe

  5. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile

    Boris Dewitte

  6. Centro de Estudios Avanzado en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile

    Boris Dewitte

Authors
  1. Pedro Rau
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  2. Luc Bourrel
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  3. David Labat
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  4. Frédéric Frappart
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  5. Denis Ruelland
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  6. Waldo Lavado
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  7. Boris Dewitte
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  8. Oscar Felipe
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pedro Rau.

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Rau, P., Bourrel, L., Labat, D. et al. Hydroclimatic change disparity of Peruvian Pacific drainage catchments. Theor Appl Climatol 134, 139–153 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2263-x

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