Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative nucleotide sequencing of the VP1 capsid gene of recent isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O from Egypt

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Since 2006, Egypt has been affected by eleven various foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) lineages. Accordingly, the nucleotide sequences of the 1D gene and the genes encoding the external capsid protein of some isolates of serotype O (the most predominant epidemic serotype in the country) collected from 2004 to 2017 were determined. All of these viruses (including the vaccine strain) belonged to serotype O, topotype ME-SA, and lineage Sharquia-72, and their sequences were of 98.6–98.9% identical to that of strain O1/Sharquia/EGY/72 (DQ164871), and differed from cultured and clinical (D197E) virus strains. The characteristic sites on the surface of the structural proteins of the Egyptian serotype O, topotype ME-SA viruses were located at residues 138 and 198 of VP1, residue 132 of VP2, and residues 56 and 104 of VP3. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree revealed that Sharquia-72 was the only lineage present in Egypt for many decades prior to 2007. Unfortunately, however, during the last decade, five lineages of two separate topotypes of FMDV serotype O were detected in Egypt. Lineages Sharquia-72 and PanAsia-2 belong to topotype ME-SA and show ~ 14.5 to 17.5% intra-lineage divergence. In addition, lineages Qal-13, Ism-16, and Alx-17 cluster within topotype EA-3 and show ~ 4.5 to 15% intra-lineage diversity. The predecessors of the Egyptian EA-3 viruses are likely to have been from Sudan. Finally, at least a penta- or hexavalent vaccine comprising strains representing the endemic FMDV topotypes should be implemented on a wide scale in Egypt, which could combat the incursion of new lineages.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. James AD, Rushton (2002) The economics of foot and mouth disease. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz 21(3):637–644

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zell R, Delwart E, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, King AMQ, Knowles NJ, Lindberg AM, Pallansch MA, Palmenberg AC, Reuter G, Simmonds P, Skern T, Stanway G, Yamashita T, Ictv Report Consortium (2017) ICTV virus taxonomy profile: picornaviridae. J Gen Virol. 98(10):2421–2422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Beck E, Feil G, Strohmaierl K (1983) The molecular basis of the antigenic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus. EMBO J 2(4):555–559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kitson JDA, McCahon D, Belsham GJ (1990) Sequence analysis of monoclonal antibody resistant mutants of type O foot-and mouth disease virus: evidence for the involvement of the three surface exposed capsid protein in four antigenic sites. Virology 179:26–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Nunez JI, Fusi P, Borrego B, Brocchi E, Pacciarini ML, Sobrino F (2006) Genomic and antigenic characterization of viruses from the 1993 Italian foot-and mouth disease outbreak. Arch Virol 151:127–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Khalifa ME, El-Deeb AH, Zeidan SM, Hussein HA, Abu-El-Naga HI (2017) Enhanced protection against FMDV in cattle after prime-boost vaccination based on mucosal and inactivated FMD vaccine. Vet Microbiol 210:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Mahdy SE, Liu S, Su L, Zhang X, Chen H, Pei X, Wang C (2019) Expression of the VP1 protein of FMDV integrated chromosomally with mutant Listeria monocytogenes strain induced both humoral and cellular immune responses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103(4):1919–1929

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Brown F (2003) The history of research in foot and mouth disease. Virus Res 91:3–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Crowther JR, Farias S, Carpenter WC, Samuel AR (1993) Identification of a fifth neutralizable site on type O foot-and-mouth disease virus following characterization of single and multiple monoclonal antibody escape mutants. J Gen Virol 74:1547–1553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mahapatra M, Upadhyaya S, Parida S (2019) Identification of novel epitopes in serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus by in vitro immune selection. J Gen Virol 100(5):804–811

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Salem R, El-Kholy AA, Ibrahim M (2019) Eight novel single chain antibody fragments recognising VP2 of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A, O, and SAT 2. Virology 533:145–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Salem R, El-Kholy AA, Omar OA, Abu El-Naga MN, Ibrahim M, Osman G (2019) Construction, expression and evaluation of recombinant VP2 protein for serotype-independent detection of FMDV seropositive animals in Egypt. Sci Rep 9(1):10135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vallée H, Carré H (1922) Sur la pluralite du virus aphteux. CR Hebd Acad Sci Paris 174:1498–1500

    Google Scholar 

  14. Waldmann O, Trautwein K (1926) Experimentalle Untersuchungen ueber die Pluralitel des Maul und Klauenseuche. Berl Iteraztl Wschr 42:569–571

    Google Scholar 

  15. Brooksby JB (1958) The virus of foot and mouth disease. Adv Virus Res 5:1–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Samuel AR, Knowles NJ (2001) Foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses exhibit genetically and geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (topotypes). J Gen Virol 82:609–621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Knowles NJ, Wadsworth J, Bachanek-Bankowska K, King DP (2016) VP1 sequencing protocol for foot and mouth disease virus molecular epidemiology. Rev Sci Tech. 35(3):741–755

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Vosloo W, Bastos ADS, Sangare O, Hargreaves SK, Thomson GR (2002) Review of the status and control of foot and mouth disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rev Sci Tech 21:437–449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Abu-Elnaga HI (2008) Molecular studies of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Ph.D. thesis, Zagazig University, Egypt

  20. Shin JH, Sohn HJ, Choi KS, Kwon BJ, Choi CU, Kim JH, Hwang EK, Park JH, Kim JY, Choi SH, Kim OK (2003) Identification and isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus from primary suspect cases in Korea in 2000. J Vet Med Sci 65:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Vangrysperre W, De Clercq K (1996) Rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction based detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus in clinical samples and cell culture isolates, combined with a simultaneous differentiation with other genomically and:or symptomatically related viruses. Arch Virol 141:331–344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Knowles NJ, Samuel AR (1994) Polymerase chain reaction amplification and cycle sequencing of the 1D (VP1) gene of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. Paper presented at the session of the Research group of the standing Technical committee of European commission for the control of FMD, Vienna Austria, 19–22, September, 1994

  23. Horsington J, Zhang Z (2007) Consistent change in the B-C loop of VP2 observed in FMDV from persistently infected cattle: Implications for association with persistence. Virus Res 125:114–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ayelet G, Mahapatra M, Gelaye E, Egziabher BG, Rufeal T, Sahle M, Ferris NP, Wadsworth J, Hutchings GH, Knowles NJ (2009) Genetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses, Ethiopia, 1981–2007. Emerg Infect Dis 15(9):1409–1417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30(12):2725–2729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bazid AI, Hussein HA, Balal SS, Elsanousi AA, Ahmed BM (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of foot and mouth disease virus type O in Egypt (2009). Int J Virol 10(1):28–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sobhy NM, Bayoumi YH, Mor SK, El-Zahar HI, Goyal SM (2018) Outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in Egypt: molecular epidemiology, evolution and cardiac biomarkers prognostic significance. Int J Vet Sci Med 6(1):22–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Al-Hosary AA, Kandeil A, El-Taweel AN, Nordengrahn A, Merza M, Badra R, Kayali G, Ali MA (2019) Co-infection with different serotypes of FMDV in vaccinated cattle in Southern Egypt. Virus Genes 55(3):304–313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Diab E, Bazid AI, Fawzy M, El-Ashmawy WR, Fayed AA, El-Sayed MM (2019) Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Egypt during 2013–2014: Molecular characterization of serotypes A, O, and SAT2. Vet World 12(2):190–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Samuel AR, Knowles NJ, Mackay DKJ (1999) Genetic analysis of type O viruses responsible for epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in North Africa. Epidemiol Infect 122:529–538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Xu W, Zhang Z, Nfon C, Yang M (2018) Genetic and antigenic relationship of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O isolates with the vaccine strain O1/BFS. Vaccine 36(26):3802–3808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. El-Shehawy L, Abu-Elnaga H, Rizk S, Abd El-Kreem A, Mohamed A, Fawzy H (2014) Molecular differentiation and phylogenetic analysis of the Egyptian foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT2. Arch Virol 159:437–443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Knowles NJ, Wadsworth J, Reid SM, Swabey KG, El-Kholy AA, Abd El-Rahman AO, Soliman HM, Ebert K, Ferris NP, Hutchings GH, Statham RJ, King DP, Paton DJ (2007) Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A in Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis 13(10):1593–1596

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rady AA, Khalil SA, Torky HA (2014) Molecular epidemiology of FMDV in Northern Egypt (2012–214). AJVS 41(1):120–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. El-Khabaz KAS, Al-Hosary AAT (2017) Detection and identification of Foot and Mouth disease virus serotypes in Assiut governorate, Egypt. J Adv Vet Anim Res 4(1):32–38

    Google Scholar 

  36. Soltan MA, Negmaldin AH, El-Diasty MM, Mansour SMG, Elbadry MA, Wilkes RP (2017) Molecular characterization of circulating Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O topotype EA-3 and serotype A (African topotype) genotype IV in Egypt, 2016. Vet Microbiol 208:89–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Abd Algayed M, Elgendy E, Hagag N, Shahin M, Ibrahim MS (2018) Molecular characterization of FMD virus during 2016–2017 in Egypt. EJPM 5(12):90–99

    Google Scholar 

  38. Khodary MG, El-Deeb AH, Emara MM, Othman OE, Hussein HA (2018) Molecular characterization of foot and mouth disease virus (O-EA3) isolated during 2016 outbreak in Egypt. JVS 3(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  39. Soltan MA, Bazid AI, Fawzy M, Wasfy MO, Soliman SM, Shahein M, El-Sayed MM (2019) Genetic characterization of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMD) serotypes in Egypt (2016–2017) and identification of a new lineage of serotype O topotype EA-3. Pak Vet J 39(4):521–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Soltan MA, Dohreig RMA, Abbas H, Ellawa M, Yousif I, Aly AE, Wasfy M, El-Sayed MM (2019) Emergence of Foot and mouth disease virus, Lib 12 lineage of topotype VII, serotype SAT2 in Egypt, 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis. 66(3):1105–1106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Brehm KE, Kumar N, Thulke HH, Haas B (2008) High potency vaccines induce protection against heterologous challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Vaccine 26(13):1681–1687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Abu-Elnaga H, Fawzy H, Farouk E, Ibrahim E, Gamil M, Zidan S (2015) Correlation between foot-and-mouth disease virus antigenic mass, titer and immune response in vaccinated sheep. Benha Vet Med J 28(2):12–19 (Conference issue of the 5th International Scientific Conference, Fac. of Vet. Med Benha Univ. 27–30 July 2015)

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Dr. Laila EL-Shehawy, the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF), http://www.STDF.org.egy, and the Egyptian Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI) for funding the research, Prof. Dr. Sonia Rizk for supporting and persuading the scientific committee of VSVRI to accept and fund the research, and finally, all the authors for funding the sequencing cost.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Foot and Mouth Disease, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Abbassia, PO Box 131, Cairo, 11381, Egypt

    Hany I. Abu-Elnaga, Sonia A. Rizk, Hind M. Daoud, Assem A. Mohamed, Wael Mossad, Mohamed A. Gamil, Ahmed F. Soudy & Laila I. EL-Shehawy

Authors
  1. Hany I. Abu-Elnaga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sonia A. Rizk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hind M. Daoud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Assem A. Mohamed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wael Mossad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mohamed A. Gamil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ahmed F. Soudy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Laila I. EL-Shehawy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hany I. Abu-Elnaga.

Additional information

Handling Editor: William G Dundon.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOC 653 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abu-Elnaga, H.I., Rizk, S.A., Daoud, H.M. et al. Comparative nucleotide sequencing of the VP1 capsid gene of recent isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O from Egypt. Arch Virol 165, 2021–2028 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04708-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04708-1

Search

Navigation