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Assessment of MR imaging during one-lung flooding in a large animal model

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Abstract

Objective

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung remains challenging due to the low tissue density, susceptibility artefacts, unfavourable relaxation times and motion. Previously, we demonstrated in vivo that one-lung flooding (OLF) with saline is a viable and safe approach. This study investigates the feasibility of OLF in an MRI environment and evaluates the flooding process on MR images.

Methods

OLF of the left lung was performed on five animals using a porcine model. Before, during and after OLF, standard T2w and T1w spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GRE) sequences were applied at 3 T.

Results

The procedure was successfully performed in all animals. On T1w MRI, the flooded lung appeared homogenous and isointense with muscle tissue. On T2w images, vascular structures were highly hypointense, while the bronchi were clearly demarcated with hypointense wall and hyperintense lumen. The anatomical demarcation of the flooded lung from the surrounding organs was superior on T2w images. No outflow effects were seen, and no respiration triggering was required.

Discussion

OLF can be safely performed in an MR scanner with highly detailed visualization of the pulmonary structures on T2w images. The method provides new approaches to MRI-based image-guided pulmonary interventions using the presented experimental model.

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Abbreviations

CT:

Computed tomography

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

EPI:

Echo planar imaging

FA:

Flip angle

GRE:

Gradient echo

HASTE:

Half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo

KCl:

Potassium chloride

mAP:

Mean arterial pressure

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRgFUS:

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery

OLF:

One-lung flooding

PFC:

Perfluorocarbon

PFH:

Perfluorohexane

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide partial pressure

pO2 :

Oxygen partial pressure

PFC:

Perfluorocarbon liquids

ROI:

Region of interest

SAR:

Specific absorption rate

SE:

Spin echo

SO2 :

Oxygen saturation

T:

Tesla

TE:

Echo time

TR:

Repetition time

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Teaching Hospital of Jena University Hospital, Strasse des Friedens 122, 07548, Gera, Germany

    Frank Wolfram & Thomas Günther Lesser

  2. Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany

    Daniel Güllmar & Jürgen R. Reichenbach

  3. Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Teaching Hospital of Jena University Hospital, Gera, Germany

    Joachim Böttcher

  4. Institute of Animal Experimentation, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany

    Harald Schubert & Sabine Bischoff

Authors
  1. Frank Wolfram
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  2. Daniel Güllmar
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  3. Joachim Böttcher
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  4. Harald Schubert
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  5. Sabine Bischoff
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  6. Jürgen R. Reichenbach
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  7. Thomas Günther Lesser
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Contributions

FW, TGL and DG developed the study design and conception. Güllmar and Wolfram performed acquisition of MR data and statistics; HS, SB, and TGL performed care of animal and vital monitoring during OLF; JB, JRR and FW performed analysis and interpreting of data; JRR, JB, TGL and FW were drafting the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Frank Wolfram.

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Conflict of interest

This research was supported by the Focused Ultrasound Surgery Foundation, Charlottesville, VA, USA (FUS325) and the SRH Waldklinikum Gera, Germany. The authors declare that they have no competing interests, neither financial nor non-financial.

Ethical standards

All national guidelines for care and use of animals were followed. Animal experiments were performed with permission from the Veterinary Department of the Thuringian State Authority for Food Protection and Fair Trading (TLLV Reg15-003/12) in compliance with the National Animal Protection Act.

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Wolfram, F., Güllmar, D., Böttcher, J. et al. Assessment of MR imaging during one-lung flooding in a large animal model. Magn Reson Mater Phy 32, 581–590 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-019-00759-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-019-00759-x

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