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Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering

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Abstract

Biomaterials serve as an integral component of tissue engineering. They are designed to provide architectural framework reminiscent of native extracellular matrix in order to encourage cell growth and eventual tissue regeneration. Bone and cartilage represent two distinct tissues with varying compositional and mechanical properties. Despite these differences, both meet at the osteochondral interface. This article presents an overview of current biomaterials employed in bone and cartilage applications, discusses some design considerations, and alludes to future prospects within this field of research.

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Abbreviations

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

ASP:

Aspartic acid

BCP:

Biphasic calcium phosphate

BG:

Bioactive glass

BG1:

Bioactive glass of composition Na2O–K2O–MgO–CaO–B2O3–P2O5–SiO2

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BSP:

Bone sialoprotein

CaP:

Calcium phosphate

CNSFs:

Chitosan nanofibers

Col I:

Collagen I

CSD:

Critical size defect

CS-MA:

Chondroitin sulfate-methacrylate

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ECs:

Endothelial cells

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycan

HA:

Hydroxyapatite

HAc:

Hyaluronic acid

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factor

hMSCs:

Human mesenchymal stem cells

IL:

Interleukin

Mg:

Magnesium

MAPK/ERK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase

mMSCs:

Mouse mesenchymal stem cells

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

PA:

Peptide amphiphile

PCL:

Poly(ε-caprolactone)

pDNA:

Plasmid DNA

PECE:

PEG-PCL-PEG copolymer

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PEGDMA:

Poly(ethylene glycol)-dimethacrylate

PGA:

Poly(glycolic acid)

PHEMA:

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

PLGA:

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

PMMA:

Poly(methylmethacrylate)

PPC:

Poly(propylene carbonate)

PPF:

Poly(propylene fumarate)

PVA-MA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-methacrylate

RGD:

Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid

rhBMP-2:

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2

rMSCs:

Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells

Runx2:

Runt-related transcription factor 2

SBF:

Simulated body fluid

Ta:

Tantalum

TBDC:

Teicoplanin-loaded borate bioactive glass

TCP:

Tricalcium phosphate

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

Ti:

Titanium

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

US-SWNTs:

Ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotubes

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgments

Research towards the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications has been supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 AR048756, R01 AR057083 and R01 DE017441) and the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (W81XWH-08-2-0032). EJL acknowledges support by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.

Conflict of interest

No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS 142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA

    Esther J. Lee, F. Kurtis Kasper & Antonios G. Mikos

  2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, MS 362, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA

    Antonios G. Mikos

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  1. Esther J. Lee
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  2. F. Kurtis Kasper
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  3. Antonios G. Mikos
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Correspondence to Antonios G. Mikos.

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Associate Editor Robert Nerem oversaw the review of this article.

Review submitted to the special issue of Annals of Biomedical Engineering based on the workshop “Frontiers in Bioengineering” held at Georgia Institute of Technology, February 25–26, 2013.

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Lee, E.J., Kasper, F.K. & Mikos, A.G. Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 42, 323–337 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-013-0859-6

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