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Spice crops agroforestry systems in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: growth analysis

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Abstract

A scarcity of cultivation land calls for more intensive and productive land use in the East Usambara Mountains in NE Tanzania. Spice crops could generate cash in higher parts of the mountains, but the present cultivation methods are depleting the valuable forest resources. The trial was established at the end of 2000 to find out how the two popular cash crops, cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), normally grown under the natural forest, will produce in intensive agroforestry system with two multipurpose farm trees, Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. and nitrogen fixing Gliricidia sepium Jacq. Results from 6 years showed that cardamom produced better with grevillea than in natural forest; 5.5 times more in the fourth year than the average in the area. The Land Equivalent Ratios for black pepper and cardamom showed that pepper intercropped with grevillea produced 3.9 times more than in monoculture whereas cardamom intercropped with grevillea and pepper produced 2.3 times more than in monoculture. Gliricidia improved the nitrogen and organic matter content of the soil over the levels found in natural forest. Soil acidity was, however, preventing the plants from using the available mineral nutrients more effectively.

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Author notes

  1. T. Reyes

    Present address: , 720 Cabin John Parkway, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Latokartanonkaari 9, Finland

    T. Reyes & O. Luukkanen

  2. Natural Resources Management Division, International Potato Center, P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru

    R. Quiroz

  3. Information Technology Unit, International Potato Center, P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru

    F. de Mendiburu

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  1. T. Reyes
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  2. R. Quiroz
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  3. O. Luukkanen
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  4. F. de Mendiburu
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Correspondence to T. Reyes.

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Reyes, T., Quiroz, R., Luukkanen, O. et al. Spice crops agroforestry systems in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: growth analysis. Agroforest Syst 76, 513–523 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9210-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9210-5

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