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Genetic diversity and structure of wild and managed populations of Polaskia chende (Cactaceae) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Central Mexico: insights from SSR and allozyme markers

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Abstract

Polaskia chende is a columnar cactus endemic to central Mexico, where it is managed via silviculture due to its edible fruits. We aimed to analyse the consequences of management on population genetics and compared information from different markers to analyse ecological and evolutionary aspects of incipient domestication and genetic resources conservation. Eight populations were evaluated using seven microsatellite loci and 15 allozyme loci. SSR identified higher genetic diversity (A = 5.6, p = 98.2, HE = 0.651) than allozymes (Ar = 2.6, p = 93.3, HE = 0.479). Both marker types identified that HO and HE were higher in wild populations (SSR: HO = 0.730; HE = 0.677; allozymes: HO = 0.432; HE = 0.481) than in the managed ones (SSR: HO = 0.652; HE = 0.616; allozymes: HO = 0.417; HE = 0.474), but differences were significant only analysed by SSR. SSR identified 3 % of genetic structure between wild and managed populations and 10 % among populations (ϕPR = 0.099), a much lower estimate than with allozymes (ϕPR = 0.208). The results suggest that management has had only slight consequences on the population genetics of P. chende. Artificial selection operates at low intensity and life history traits of the species, particularly the self-incompatible breeding system, pollination by bees and seed dispersion by birds, bats and humans favour high genetic diversity and gene flow. SSR detect finer genetic variation than allozymes, but both marker types provide similar patterns of information useful for analysing population genetics.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financed by two grants: Secretaría de Educación Pública-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (SEP-CONACyT) 2008-103551 and Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT, UNAM, research projects IN205111-3 and IN209214). We thank Edgar Pérez-Negrón and Víctor Rocha-Ramírez for assistance in the field and laboratory, respectively. The authors also thank Antonio Rodríguez González for his support in the statistical analyses and Luis Ortíz-Catedral for the critical review of this manuscript. This study is part of the B.Sc. Dissertations of the first and second authors.

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  1. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, campus Morelia, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Gonzalo Contreras-Negrete, M. Eva Ruíz-Durán, Dánae Cabrera-Toledo, Alejandro Casas & Fabiola Parra

  2. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez #2100, Las Agujas, 45510, Nextipac, Jalisco, Mexico

    Dánae Cabrera-Toledo & Ofelia Vargas

  3. Centro de Investigaciones en Zonas Áridas, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Camilo Carrillo 300-A, Jesus Maria, Lima, Peru

    Fabiola Parra

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  1. Gonzalo Contreras-Negrete
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  2. M. Eva Ruíz-Durán
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Correspondence to Dánae Cabrera-Toledo.

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Contreras-Negrete, G., Ruíz-Durán, M.E., Cabrera-Toledo, D. et al. Genetic diversity and structure of wild and managed populations of Polaskia chende (Cactaceae) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Central Mexico: insights from SSR and allozyme markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 62, 85–101 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-014-0137-y

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