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Incisor Enamel Microstructure of Paleogene Caviomorph Rodents from Contamana and Shapaja (Peruvian Amazonia)

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Abstract

We investigate the enamel microstructure of 37 isolated rodent incisors from several late middle Eocene and late Oligocene localities of Contamana (Loreto Department, Peruvian Amazonia), and from the early Oligocene TAR-01 locality (Shapaja, San Martín Department, Peruvian Amazonia). All incisors show an enamel internal portion with multiserial Hunter-Schreger Bands (HSB). The late middle Eocene localities of Contamana yield incisors with subtypes 1, 1–2, and 2 of multiserial HSB; TAR-01 yielded incisors with subtypes 1–2, 2, 2–3, and 3 of multiserial HSB; and the late Oligocene localities of Contamana, incisors with subtypes 1–2, 2, and 2–3 of multiserial HSB. Based on our current knowledge of the South American and African rodent fossil records and given the primitiveness of the Eocene caviomorph faunas, it may be expected that the hystricognath pioneer(s) who have colonized South America from Africa sometime during the middle Eocene, most probably had incisors that displayed a multiserial enamel with an interprismatic matrix arrangement characterizing the subtype 1 (or subtype 1 + the subtype 2 and/or the transitional 1–2) of multiserial HSB. In contrast, the derived subtypes 2–3 and 3 conditions were subsequently achieved but likely rapidly, as evidenced by its record as early as the ?late Eocene/early Oligocene (e.g., Santa Rosa, Shapaja, and La Cantera), and seemingly evolved iteratively but only in the Octodontoidea clade.

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Acknowledgements

We especially thank the Canaan Shipibo Native Community in the Contamana region for their help during the field seasons. Many thanks to Sylvain Adnet (ISEM, Montpellier, France), Ali J. Altamirano-Sierra (MUSM, Lima, Peru), Guillaume Billet (MNHN, Paris, France), Maëva J. Orliac (ISEM), Francis Duranthon (Muséum de Toulouse, France), Alba Boada-Saña (Spain), François Pujos (IANIGLA, Mendoza, Argentina), Rafael M. Varas-Malca (MUSM, Lima, Peru), Julia V. Tejada-Lara (Columbia University, USA and MUSM, Lima, Peru), and whoever helped us in the field and in the lab. We thank Léanie Alloing-Séguier (ISEM) and Sébastien Enault (ISEM) for their advices regarding enamel microstructure protocol and taking images. We warmly thank Chantal Cazevieille (Montpellier RIO Imaging, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France) and Didier Cot (Institut Européen des Membranes [IEM], Montpellier, France) for granting access to a scanning electron microscope facility. We are much indebted to Léanie Alloing-Séguier and Thomas Martin (Steinmann-Institut, Bereich Paläontologie, Universität Bonn, Germany) for useful discussions on enamel microstructure. This work was supported from the National Geographic Society (grant 9679-15), the Doctoral School SIBAGHE/Gaïa of the Université de Montpellier to MB, from the Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, and from the Leakey Foundation to LM. This work was further supported by an “Investissements d’Avenir” grant managed by the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” (CEBA, ANR-10-LABX-0025-01), and by the CoopIntEER CNRS/CONICET and the ECOS-SUD/FONCyT (A14-U01) international collaboration programs, in the frame of the ongoing cooperation agreement between the Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos (Lima, Peru) and the Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution of the Université de Montpellier. This is ISEM publication n°2017-311-Sud.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, c.c. 064, place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, Cedex 05, France

    Myriam Boivin, Laurent Marivaux & Pierre-Olivier Antoine

  2. Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural – Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos (MUSM), Av. Arenales 1256, 11, Lima, Peru

    Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi

  3. División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP – CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Emma C. Vieytes

Authors
  1. Myriam Boivin
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  2. Laurent Marivaux
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  3. Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi
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  4. Emma C. Vieytes
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  5. Pierre-Olivier Antoine
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Myriam Boivin.

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Boivin, M., Marivaux, L., Salas-Gismondi, R. et al. Incisor Enamel Microstructure of Paleogene Caviomorph Rodents from Contamana and Shapaja (Peruvian Amazonia). J Mammal Evol 26, 389–406 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-018-9430-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-018-9430-4

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