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Autochthonous Microbiota in Arsenic-Bearing Technosols from Zemianske Kostoľany (Slovakia) and Its Potential for Bioleaching and Biovolatilization of Arsenic

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Abstract

Studied technosols represent a unique system of a 50-year-old environmental burden after dam failure of coal-ash pond. The released ashes rich in arsenic with a thickness of 1–2 m were covered by a 40-cm thick layer of soil. Long-term exposure and selection pressure of elevated concentrations of arsenic (a range of 93–634 μg/g) induced the formation of the specific adapted autochthonous microorganisms. The phylum Proteobacteria was identified as a dominant phylum in the soils and represented only by one class—Gammaproteobacteria with six species. The species of phylum Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were also identified. Thirty-three species of identified autochthonous microscopic fungi belong to 18 genera with the most abundant Mortierella alpina (Zygomycota). The most frequent identified mycobiota belongs to genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Alternaria. The isolates of Alternaria triticina, Bionectria ochroleuca, Chrysosporium queenslandicum, Exophiala psychrophila, Metarhizium robertsii, Trichoderma rossicum and Phlebia acerina were identified for the first time in Slovakia. Despite the stimulation of autochthonous community by nutrient medium and augmentation by native species, As leachability was relatively low—on average 5.63 wt.%, 9.23 wt.% and 17.04 wt.% of the total As for inoculated Pseudomonas chlororaphis ZK-1, Pseudomonas putida ZK-5 and Aspergillus niger, respectively. The highest As leachability was achieved through biostimulation of autochthonous microbiota using liquid SAB medium (34.73 wt.% of total As content). Additionally, microbial activity was efficient in the biovolatilization of As from soils (∼70 wt.% of the total As volatilized). It appears that bioremediation using microorganisms represents one of the possible ways of As removal from soils containing coal-combustion ashes with elevated concentrations of As.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Slovak Grant Agency (VEGA), Grants No. 1/0321/14 and 1/0482/15, and by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic & Faculty of Mining and Geology of VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava (Project of Specific University Research (SGS) No. SP2015/31). We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive and valuable comments on the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Iľkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Alexandra Šimonovičová

  2. Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Iľkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Katarína Peťková, Ľubomír Jurkovič & Edgar Hiller

  3. Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Peter Ferianc, Matej Remenár, Lucia Kraková & Domenico Pangallo

  4. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 70833, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

    Hana Vojtková

  5. Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Iľkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Slavomír Čerňanský

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Šimonovičová, A., Peťková, K., Jurkovič, Ľ. et al. Autochthonous Microbiota in Arsenic-Bearing Technosols from Zemianske Kostoľany (Slovakia) and Its Potential for Bioleaching and Biovolatilization of Arsenic. Water Air Soil Pollut 227, 336 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-3038-1

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