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Genetic diversity and structure of natural Juglans regia L. populations in the southern Kyrgyz Republic revealed by nuclear SSR and EST-SSR markers

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Abstract

Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.), also known as common walnut, is an economically and ecologically important species in the Kyrgyz Republic. Natural forests of J. regia, walnut forests, grow between western and southwestern slopes of the Fergana and Chatkal mountain ridges in the southern Kyrgyz Republic. We investigated 11 natural populations of J. regia across its geographic range in the Kyrgyz Republic using eight nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) and eight expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived SSR (EST-SSR) markers. The SSR markers revealed comparatively high levels of genetic diversity (HO = 0.538, HE = 0.524). The overall genetic differentiation among populations was low, but statistically significant (FST = 0.068). Significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was observed, indicating an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model for J. regia. Spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) and Bayesian analysis assigned individuals to two main genetic groups separating central region walnut populations (Jalal-Abad province) and southeastern region walnut populations (Osh province). Genetic diversity parameters such as gene diversity and allelic richness were significantly lower in the Osh province than in the Jalal-Abad province. Detection of significant genetic discontinuities suggested the existence of physical barriers to migration and gene flow among regions. We suggest that the Osh province and Jalal-Abad province populations should be considered as two evolutionary significant units (ESUs) for conservation efforts.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Almazbek Orozumbekov for sampling establishments and Muratali Torokeldiev for his assistance with fieldwork. We also thank Oleksandra Dolynska for her laboratory assistance. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful recommendations on earlier versions of the manuscript.

Data archiving statement

Population names of Persian walnut collection, geographic location of Persian walnut populations, and microsatellite data for 550 Persian walnut genotypes were submitted to the TreeGene Database (http://treegenesdb.org/Drupal/user/241/TPPS; accession number TGDR081).

Funding

This research was supported by a scholarship from Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) to the first author.

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  1. Nurlan Torokeldiev

    Present address: Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, 1/8 Ankara Street, Tunguch, Bishkek, 720048, Kyrgyz Republic

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  1. Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany

    Nurlan Torokeldiev, M. Ziehe, O. Gailing & R. Finkeldey

  2. School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA

    O. Gailing

  3. University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany

    R. Finkeldey

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Torokeldiev, N., Ziehe, M., Gailing, O. et al. Genetic diversity and structure of natural Juglans regia L. populations in the southern Kyrgyz Republic revealed by nuclear SSR and EST-SSR markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes 15, 5 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-018-1311-8

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