Abstract
Migraine which is characterized by a pulsating headache affected an estimated population of 12% worldwide. Herbal products like latex derived from Calotropis gigantea R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) are a representative intervention to treat migraine traditionally. However, post-harvesting stability issues of latex affect its biological potential. Freeze-drying has been successfully employed for the encapsulation of herbal bioactive compounds resulting in stable dried preparations. Latex derived from Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea) was microencapsulated using chitosan by freeze-drying (FDCG) method and compared with sun ray–dried latex (ADCG). Current investigation was aimed to improve the shelf life of latex by freeze-drying microencapsulation technique and evaluation of its anti-migraine potential. Dried latex powders (ADCG and FDCG) were evaluated in terms of phenolic content, coloring strength, first-order kinetic, color parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, and E*), moisture, water activity, solubility, and hygroscopicity. Additionally, apomorphine-induced climbing behavior, l-5-HTP–induced syndrome, and MK-801–induced hyperactivity were used to evaluate the anti-migraine potential of powdered latex. FDCG showed good physicochemical properties due to its higher concentration of phenolic and flavonoid contents. Moreover, FDCG significantly reduced the apomorphine-induced climbing behavior, l-5-HTP–induced syndrome, and MK-801–induced hyperactivity in a dose-dependent manner through an interaction of dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors. In conclusion, the method developed for shelf life improvement of latex offered maximum protection over a period of 10 weeks with retaining its natural biological potential; thus, it can be effectively utilized in the treatment or management of migraine.
Graphical abstract
Anti-migraine effect of Calotropis gigantea freeze-dried latex by inhibition of dopamine and serotonin receptors (D1 and D2: dopamine receptors; 5-HT: serotonin receptors); yellow color represents serotonergic, and blue color indicates dopaminergic neurons
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Abbreviations
- ADCG:
-
Microencapsulated latex sample dried under sunlight (non-lyophilized)
- ADCGA:
-
Microencapsulated latex sample dried under sunlight (non-lyophilized) at the 0th day of stability study
- ADCGB:
-
Microencapsulated latex sample dried under sunlight (non-lyophilized) after 10 weeks of stability study
- FDCG:
-
Freeze-dried microencapsulated latex sample
- FDCGA:
-
Freeze-dried microencapsulated latex sample at the 0th day of stability study
- FDCGB:
-
Freeze-dried microencapsulated latex sample after 10 weeks of stability study
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Saurabh Bhatia: conceptualization, experimental work, writing and editing, supervision, methodology, and formal analysis; Ahmed Al-Harrasi: conceptualization and review; Arun Kumar: histopathology; Tapan Behl: writing of the original draft; Aayush Sehgal: experimental work and methodology; Sukhbir Singh: experimental work and methodology; Neelam Sharma: experimental work and methodology; Khalid Anwer: writing of the original draft; Deepak Kaushik: writing of the original draft; Vineet Mittal: writing of the original draft; Sridevi Chigurupati: writing of the original draft; Pritam Babu Sharma: conceptualization and review; Celia Vargas-de-la-Cruz: writing which included review and editing; Md. Tanvir Kabir: writing of the original draft.
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Bhatia, S., Al-Harrasi, A., Kumar, A. et al. Anti-migraine activity of freeze-dried latex obtained from Calotropis gigantea Linn. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 27460–27478 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17810-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17810-x