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Nanoglomus plukenetiae, a new fungus from Peru, and a key to small-spored Glomeraceae species, including three new genera in the “Dominikia complex/clades”

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Abstract

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was found in an agricultural plantation of Plukenetia volubilis, the inka nut (also called “sacha inchi” or “inka peanut”) in the Amazonia region of San Martín State in Peru. In this site, the inka nut was grown in mixed cultures together with Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris. The fungus was propagated in bait and single-species cultures on Sorghum vulgare, Brachiaria brizantha, Medicago sativa, and Plukenetia volubilis as host plants. The fungus differentiates hyaline spores terminally or intercalary on cylindrical to slightly funnel-shaped hyphae, singly or in spore clusters with up to ca. 90 spores per cluster. The spores are bi-layered, (20–)25–36(–45) μm in diameter and show regularly a visible septum at the spore base, despite the small spore and tiny hyphae sizes. Phylogenetically, the new fungus represents a new genus in a separated clade, near to the already known Dominikia clades. It can be distinguished from other species by the small spore size, the characteristics of the spore wall layers, and the clearly visible septum at the spore base, which in Kamienskia and Microkamienskia species has rarely to never been reported, while Dominikia species usually have a higher variability of spore sizes and spore wall characteristics. The fungus is here described under the epithet Nanoglomus plukenetiae, serving as type species of the new genus Nanoglomus. The revision of the species and environmental sequences in the Dominikia clades, based on both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, revealed at least two other new genera: Microdominikia gen. nov., based on D. litorea, and Orientoglomus gen. nov., based on D. emiratia. Finally, in the present study, a key for all small-spored species in the Glomeraceae is included comprising all known Dominikia, Kamienskia, Microdominikia, Microkamienskia, Nanoglomus, Orientoglomus spp., and all small-spored Rhizoglomus spp.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank all the members of the Laboratorio de Biología y Genética Molecular for collaborating in the publication of this article and to the farmers of the towns of Palmiche and Paucarpata (Lamas) for providing us with the facilities for the collection of soil samples.

Funding

The study was financially supported by the Programa Nacional de Innovación Agraria (PNIA) and the Universidad Nacional de San Martín-Tarapoto (UNSM-T) through the contract N° 037-2015-INIA-PNIA-IE; through the loan agreement N° 8331-PE, signed between the government of Peru and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development –BIRF. Likewise, at Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CIENCIACTIVA (CONCYTEC, Peru) for the financing granted within the framework of the project with SUBVENTION AGREEMENT N° 187-2015-FONDECYT. Gladstone Alves da Silva thanks to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the Fellowship granted (Proc. 312186/2016-9).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Jr. Amorarca N° 315, Morales, Peru

    Mike Anderson Corazon-Guivin, Agustin Cerna-Mendoza, Juan Carlos Guerrero-Abad & Adela Vallejos-Tapullima

  2. Dirección General de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, La Molina, Lima Región, 15024, Peru

    Juan Carlos Guerrero-Abad

  3. Laboratorio de Cultivo in Vitro, Universidad de la Ciénega del Estado de Michoacán de Ocampo, Avenida Universidad, 3000, col. Lomas de la Universidad, 59103, Sahuayo, Michoacán, Mexico

    Santos Carballar-Hernández

  4. Departamento de Micologia, CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da engenharia s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-600, Brazil

    Gladstone Alves da Silva

  5. Agroscope, Competence Division for Plants and Plant Products, Ecotoxicology, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland

    Fritz Oehl

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  1. Mike Anderson Corazon-Guivin
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Corazon-Guivin, M.A., Cerna-Mendoza, A., Guerrero-Abad, J.C. et al. Nanoglomus plukenetiae, a new fungus from Peru, and a key to small-spored Glomeraceae species, including three new genera in the “Dominikia complex/clades”. Mycol Progress 18, 1395–1409 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01522-1

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