Abstract
The study of hydrogen permeation behavior in Armco-Fe showed that 0.1 M H2SO4 was a more effective medium for cathodic polarization compared to 0.1 M NaOH. When both electrolytes were “poisoned” with 1.00 g/L Na2HAsO4 · 7H2O, as hydrogen recombination inhibitor, the corresponding hydrogen permeation levels were 3.5 × 10−5 A/cm2 in 0.1 M H2SO4 while 0.75 × 10−5 A/cm2 in 0.1 M NaOH. The breakthrough times were less than 30 s in 0.1 M H2SO4, while about 100 s in the NaOH. With varying amounts of “poisons”, peak permeation of hydrogen (1.75 × 10−5 A/cm2) was achieved with 10 g/L Na2HAsO4 · 7H2O in 0.1 M H2SO4, while the least permeation resulted with 10 g/L (NH2CSH2) Thiourea addition for same level of 1.00 mA/cm2 cathodic polarization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Bodenstein, Diffusion of Cathode Hydrogen through Iron and Platinum, Z. Electrochem. 28, (1922) 517–526
A.R. Troiano Embrittelement by Hydrogen and Other Interstitials Metal Progress, 77(2) (1960), 112–117
R.P. Gangloff, Comprehensive Structural Integrity, vol. 6, I. Milne, R.O. Ritchie, and B. Ksrihalco, Eds. (New York, NY), Elsevier Science, 2003, p 31–101
D. Li, R.P. Gangloff, J.R. Scully Hydrogen Trap in Ultrahigh-Strength AERMET 100 Steel, Metall. Mat. Trans. A, 35A, 2004, p 849–864
V.S. Agarwala, D.A. Berman, and G. Kohlhaas, “Cause and Prevention of Structural Materials Failure in Naval Environments,” Paper 115, presented at CORROSION/84, (New Orleans, Louisiana, USA), 1984
V.S. Agarwala, An In-situ Experimental Study of the Mechanisms of Catastrophic Damage Phenomena, Hydrogen Effects on Material Behavior, N.R. Moody and A.W. Thompson, Eds., The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1990, p 1033
G.P. Tiwari, A. Bose, J.K. Chakravartty, S.L. Wadekar, M.K. Totlani, R.N. Arya, R.K. Fotedar, Study of Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 286, 2000, p 269–281
M.R. Louthan Jr., R.G. Derrick, Hydrogen Transport in Austenitic Stainless Steels, Corros. Sci. 15(9), 1975, 565–577
M.R. Louthan Jr., J.A. Donovan, G.R. Caskey Jr., Tritium Absorption in Type 304L Stainless Steel, Nucl. Technol., 26(2), 1975, 192–200
M.L. Holzworth, M.R. Louthan Jr., Hydrogen Induced Phase Transformations in Type 304L Stainless Steels, Corrosion, 24(4), 1968, 110–123
K. Kamachi, X-ray Study of Hydrides in Austenitic Stainless Steels, J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Jpn., 26(283), 1977, 322–328, in Japanese
P. Kedzierzawski, Z. Szklarska-Smialowska, M. Smialowski: Pulse Technique Employed for Studying Egress of Hydrogen from Iron Polarized Cathodically in As**3** Plus-containing Solutions, J. Electrochem. Soc., 127, 1980, 2550–2555
K. Farrell, M.B. Lewis, The Hydrogen Content of Austenite After Cathodic Charging, Scripta Metall., 15, 1981, 661–664
H. Hänninen, T. Hakkarainen, and P. Nenonen, Hydrogen Effects in Metals, J.M. Bernstein and A.W. Thompson, Eds., The Metallurgical Society of AIME, 1981, p 575–583
M. Hoelzel, S.A. Danilkin, H. Ehrenberrg, D.M. Toebbens, T.J. Udovic, H. Fues, H. Wipf: Effects of High Pressure Hydrogen Charging on the Structure of Austenitic Stainless Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 384A, 2004, p 255–261
A.J. Kumnick, H.H. Johnson, Steady State Hydrogen Transport Through Zone Refined Irons, Metall. Trans A, 6A, 1975, 1087–1091
N.R. Moody, S.L. Robinson, S.M. Myers, F.A. Greulich, Deuterium Concentration Profiles in Fe-Ni-Co Alloys Electrochemically Charged at Room Temperature, Acta Metall., 37(1), 1989, 281–290
S.L. Robinson, N.R. Moody, S.M. Myers, J.C. Farmer, F.A. Greulich, The Effects of Current Density and Recombination Poisons on Electrochemical Charging of Deuterium into an Iron-Base Superally, J. Electrochem. Soc., 137(5), 1990, 1391–1397
O.N.C. Uwakweh, “Distribution des interstitiels dans les Alliages Fe-C; Cinetique isochrone au cours du vieillissement des Martensites et Transformation induite par Chargement electronique d’Hydogene,” Ph. D. Thesis, University of Nancy1 Nancy, France, 1990
O.N.C. Uwakweh, J.M.R. Genin, J.F. Silvain, Hydrogen Charging of High Carbon Binary Steel and Martensitic Induced Transformation, Scripta Metall., 24(6), 1990, 1075–1079
T.P Radhakrishnan, L.L. Shreir, Permeation of Hydrogen Through Steel by Electrochemical Transfer-1, Electrochim. Acta 11(8), 1966, 1007–1021
J.F. Newman, L.L. Shreir, Role of Hydrides in Hydrogen Entry into Steel from Solution Containing Promoters, Corros. Sci., 9, 1969, 631–641
R.D. McCright, R.W. Staehle, Effect of Arsenic Upon The Entry of Hydrogen Into Mild Steel as Determined at Constant Electrochemical Potential, J. Electrochem. Soc., 121(5), 1974, 609–618
S.Y. Qian, B.E. Conway, G. Jerkiewicz, Kinetic Rationalization of Catalyst Poison Effect on Cathodic H Sorption into Metals: Relation of Enhanced and Inhibition to Coverage, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 94, 1998, 2945–1954
M.H. Abd Elhamid, B.G. Ateya, K.G. Weil, H.W. Pickering, Effect of Thiosulfate and Sulfite on the Permeation Rate of Hydrogen Through Iron, Corrosion, 57(5), 2001, 428–432
V.S. Agarwala and J.J. DeLuccia, Effect of Magnetic Field on Hydrogen Evolution and its Diffusion in Iron and Steel, Proceeding of the 7th Int. Cong. On Metallic Corrosion (Brasil) Hotel National/Rio de Janeiro, 1978, p 795–805
W.W. Gerberich, T. Livne, X.-F. Chen, M. Kaczorowski, Crack Growth from Internal Hydrogen-Temperature and Microstructural Effects in 4340 Steel, Metall. Trans. A, 19A, 1988, 1310–1934
J. Barber, B.E. Conway: Structural Specificity of the Kinetics of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on the Low Index Surfaces of Pt Single-Crystal Electrodes in 0.5 m dm−3 NaOH, J. Electroanal. Chem., 461(1-2), 1990, 80–89
S.M. Charca, “Study of Hydrogen Permeation and Diffusion in Steels: Predictive Model for Hydrogen Concentration,” Master of Science Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico – Mayagüez, 2005
M.A.V. Devanathan and Z.O.J. Stachurski, The Adsorption and Diffusion of Electrolytic Hydrogen in Palladium, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A, 1962, A270(1340), p 90–102
M.A.V. Devanathan, Z. Stachurski, W. Beck, A Technique for the Evaluation of Hydrogen Embrittlement Characteristics of Electroplating Baths, J. Electrochem. Soc., 110(8), 1963, 886–890
M.A.V. Devanathan, S. Venkatesen, Method for Measuring Hydrogen Permeation of Metals and its Application to Metal Finishing, Int. Confer. Electrodepos. Metal Finish., 42, 1964, 123–128
J.J. DeLuccia, Electrochemical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals: Hydrogen Embrittlement: Prevention and Control, ASTM STP 962, L. Raymond, Ed. (Philadelphia), American Society for Testing and Materials, 1988, p 17–34
ASTM G 148: Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique
J.O’M. Bockris, J. McBreen, L. Nanis, The Hydrogen Evolution Kinetics and Hydrogen Entry into α-iron, J. Electrochem. Soc., 112(101), 1965, 1025–1031
T. Zakroczymski, Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen in Metals, J. Electroanal. Chem., 475, 1999, 82–88
J. Flis, T. Zakroczymski, V. Kleshnya, T. Kobiela, R. Dus: Changes in Hydrogen Entry and in Surface of Iron during Cathodic Polarisation in Alkaline, Electrochim. Acta, 44(23), 1999, 3989–3997
E. Owczarek, T. Zakroczymski, Hydrogen Transport in Duplex Stainless Steel, Acta, 48(12), 2000, 3059–3070
Nace technical report: Item No. 24185, NACE International Publication 8X294 (2003 Edition)
Acknowledgment
The authors, ONCU and BS would like to acknowledge support of ASEE through Summer Faculty program at different times, and also wishes to acknowledge the support of Dr. Yapa Rajapakse, the program manager of ONR-grant # N000140310540.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Charca, S.M., Uwakweh, O.N., Shafiq, B. et al. Characterization of Hydrogen Permeation in Armco-Fe during Cathodic Polarization in Aqueous Electrolytic Media. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 17, 127–133 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-007-9114-3
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-007-9114-3