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Neurobiologie de l’anorexie inflammatoire

Neurobiology of inflammation-associated anorexia

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Résumé

Les cytokines inflammatoires jouent un rôle prépondérant dans l’anorexie inflammatoire observée lors d’une infection périphérique et chez l’individu cancéreux. Cet article explique les mécanismes d’action des cytokines inflammatoires sur le comportement de prise alimentaire. Les cytokines inflammatoires stimulent l’activité du système nerveux périphérique et induisent la synthèse de facteurs pro-inflammatoires au sein du cerveau. Un circuit neuronal spécifiquement impliqué dans la régulation de la prise alimentaire est recruté en réponse à l’action des cytokines sur le cerveau. L’activité de ce circuit neuronal est modulée par de nombreux facteurs hormonaux et environnementaux par l’intermédiaire du système à mélanocortine. La connaissance des mécanismes neurobiologiques qui sous-tendent l’anorexie inflammatoire permet d’envisager de nouveaux traitements pour stimuler l’appétit des patients cancéreux.

Abstract

Cytokines play a key role in mediating inflammation-associated anorexia. Compelling data demonstrate that cytokines can stimulate the activity of the peripheral nervous system and induce de novo synthesis of pro-inflammatory factors in the brain. It results in the stimulation of a specific neural circuit that reduces food intake. The melanocortinergic pathway tightly regulates the activity of this neural circuit upon humoral and environmental changes. Identifying the mechanisms underlying inflammation-associated anorexia is a true challenge geared toward the fight against loss of appetite in cancer patients.

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  1. Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9077, USA

    L. Gautron

  2. Psychoneuro-immunologie, nutrition et génétique (PsyNuGen), Inra UMR 1286, CNRS UMR 5226, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, F-33077, Bordeaux cedex, France

    S. Layé

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Gautron, L., Layé, S. Neurobiologie de l’anorexie inflammatoire. Obes 6, 105–113 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11690-011-0278-5

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