Abstract
The extensions of the Standard Model based on the \(SU(3)_{C} \otimes SU(3)_{L} \otimes U(1)_{X}\) gauge group are known as 331 models. Different properties such as the fermion assignment and the electric charges of the exotic spectrum, that define a particular 331 model, are fixed by a \(\beta \) parameter. In this article, we study the electric charge quantisation in two versions of the 331 models, set by the conditions \(\beta =1/( 3\sqrt{3})\) and \(\beta =0\). In these frameworks, arise exotic particles, for instance, new leptons and gauge bosons with a fractional electric charge. Additionally, depending on the version, quarks with non-standard fractional electric charges or even neutral appear. Considering the definition of electric charge operator as a linear combination of the group generators that annihilates the vacuum, classical constraints from the invariance of the Lagrangian, and gauge and mixed gauge-gravitational anomalies cancellation, the quantisation of the electric charge can be verified in both versions.
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Romero Abad, D., Reyes Portales, J. & Ramirez Barreto, E. Electric charge quantisation in 331 models with exotic charges. Pramana - J Phys 94, 84 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-020-01955-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-020-01955-4
Keywords
- Electric charge quantisation
- 331 models
- gauge anomalies cancellation
- particles with exotic electric charges