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Eneolithic subsistence economy in Central Italy: first dietary reconstructions through stable isotopes

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Abstract

The paper aims to point out the subsistence in Eneolithic Central Italian communities by Stable Isotope Analysis. This period marked a tipping point in the food strategies because it was characterized by economic changes and several technological improvements leading to enhance land exploitation and livestock breeding. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis has been used to analyze the food consumption of 54 people belonging to 5 Eneolithic communities scattered throughout Central Italy, where no data have yet been published. The estimation of the main protein intake has been achieved in order to quantify the differences among these communities. The results are consistent with a diet mainly based on terrestrial resources, with no exclusive marine sources consumption, although their occasional usage cannot be ruled out, especially for selected funerary contexts. The data suggest an overall subsistence based on greater local resource procurement, supported by regional productivity maximization. A roughly homogeneous landscape could be outlined in Tuscany and Marche communities witnessing a shared diet preference that could be modified by local preferences. The fully developed trade routes between the two sides of the Apennines could address the overall dietary homogeneity of the studied communities, especially between Fontenoce di Recanati and the southern Tuscan human groups such as Grotta del Fontino and Buca di Spaccasasso, with lesser influence for Le Lellere and Podere Cucule that seem to suggest a more locally based subsistence, even though the funerary affinities do not match this overall diet homogeneity.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to every Institution involved in this project for granting access to the skeletal remains that have been analyzed. This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) through PRIN 2010–2011 action (EPIC Project: Biological and cultural heritage of the central-southern Italian population through 30 thousand years. Grant ID: 2010EL8TXP) allotted to OR. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for the critical reading of the paper and for the useful suggestions.

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  1. Gabriele Scorrano

    Present address: Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, Denmark

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Flavio De Angelis, Gabriele Scorrano, Cristina Martínez-Labarga & Olga Rickards

  2. Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria (IGAG), CNR, Area della Ricerca di Roma RM1, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy

    Francesca Giustini & Mauro Brilli

  3. Former Soprintendenza Archeologia della Toscana, Florence, Italy

    Elsa Pacciani

  4. Former Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici delle Marche, Via Birarelli 18, 60100, Ancona, Italy

    Mara Silvestrini

  5. Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche e dei Beni culturali, Siena University, Via Roma 56, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Mauro Calattini, Nicoletta Volante & Lucia Sarti

  6. Dipartimento di Storia, Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo-Archeologia preistorica Unit, Florence University, Via S. Egidio 21, 50122, Florence, Italy

    Fabio Martini

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De Angelis, F., Scorrano, G., Martínez-Labarga, C. et al. Eneolithic subsistence economy in Central Italy: first dietary reconstructions through stable isotopes. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 11, 4171–4186 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00789-5

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