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Depositional environments and landscapes of the upper Miocene Ipururo Formation at Shumanza, Subandean Zone, northern Peru

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Abstract

During the late Miocene, the Andean–Amazonian region experienced drastic climatic and environmental changes, notably due to a major phase in the Andean uplift. The fossil record is virtually undocumented for this period in the Subandean Zone, where very few palaeoenvironmental and palaeontological investigations have been undertaken. Here, we describe plant remains (pollen, spores, and leaves), microfossils, mollusks, and vertebrates from the Ipururo Formation at Shumanza, San Martín, Peru. Twenty-nine plant families are identified from 164 pollen grains and 89 spores, among them Lycophytes, Monilophytes, and angiosperms (5 monocots and 18 eudicots). The pollen sample notably includes Grimsdalea magnaclavata, Palaeosantalaceaepites cingulatus, Echitricolporites spinosus, and Fenestrites longispinosus, pointing to a late Miocene–early Pliocene age for the TAR-27 locality (10.06–3.72 Ma). Leaf impressions, from nearby localities in the same section, document Malvaciphyllum sp. (Malvaceae), three morphs resembling Caryocaraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, and two unidentified ‘Dicotyledonae’ angiosperms. The mollusk assemblage is somewhat reminiscent of early–middle Miocene Pebasian faunas and dominated by gastropods (ampullariids, cochliopid, cerithioid, and planorbids). It also includes sphaeriid and unionoid bivalves. Vertebrate recovery is very poor, with a serrasalmine characiform and unidentified actinopterygian teeth. Fossil assemblages and sedimentary facies consistently testify to the dominance of riverine/alluvial forests and the persistence of a steady lowland rainforest close to the Andes less than 10.1 million years ago, without indication of (1) mangrove/marine environments or (2) high-elevation ranges in the close surroundings of Shumanza by that time. By coupling palynostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy, Shumanza fossil assemblages would be further assigned an early late Miocene age (10.1–ca. 8 Ma).

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Acknowledgements

We deeply thank Marie-Pierre Ledru (ISEM, Montpellier) and Carina Hoorn (University of Amsterdam) for their invaluable help to identify the palynomorphs. We especially thank Laurent Marivaux, Myriam Boivin (ISEM), François Pujos (IANIGLA-CONICET, Mendoza), and especially Patrice Baby (GET, Toulouse) for their assistance in the field. Fieldwork was funded by the National Geographic Society and by French Connection Films, under an agreement between the Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Marcos, Lima, and the ISEM–University of Montpellier, France. This work was further funded by COOPINTEER CNRS/CONICET and ECOS-SUD/FONCyT international collaboration programs and through an “Investissements d’Avenir” grant managed by the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” (CEBA, ANR-10-LABX-0025-01). A.F.T. was granted by the CEBA for his stay in the Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Amsterdam University. C.M. acknowledges Harold E. Moore Jr. Memorial and Endowment Funds from Cornell University, and the doctoral fellowship of Fulbright-Colciencias. We warmly thank M. di Pasquo, D. Kadolsky, and a third anonymous referee who greatly helped us to improve previous versions of the manuscript. This is ISEM publication no. 2019-176 SUD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France

    Augustin Feussom Tcheumeleu, Séverine Fauquette & Pierre-Olivier Antoine

  2. Laboratoire de Paléoécologie, Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Chemin-de-la-Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H2V 2B8, Canada

    Augustin Feussom Tcheumeleu

  3. Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, Besançon cedex, 25030, France

    Augustin Feussom Tcheumeleu

  4. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002, Balboa, Ancon, 0843-03092, Panama

    Angélica Aliaga Castillo, Camila Martinez & Federico Moreno

  5. Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural—Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru

    Angélica Aliaga Castillo, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi & Rafael Varas-Malca

  6. L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Camila Martinez

  7. Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA

    Federico Moreno

  8. Paleosedes E.U. Tv 27 n°57-49 Campin, Bogotá, Colombia

    Rosa E. Navarrete & Francisco Parra

  9. Géosciences-Environnement Toulouse, Université de Toulouse; UPS (SVT-OMP); CNRS; IRD, 14 Avenue Édouard Belin, F-31400, Toulouse, France

    Francisco Parra & Martin Roddaz

  10. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300, Leiden, RA, Netherlands

    Frank P. Wesselingh

  11. Laboratório de Geocronologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-000, Brazil

    Martin Roddaz

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Tcheumeleu, A.F., Fauquette, S., Castillo, A.A. et al. Depositional environments and landscapes of the upper Miocene Ipururo Formation at Shumanza, Subandean Zone, northern Peru. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 100, 719–735 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-019-00400-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-019-00400-8

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