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Milestones of Precision Medicine: An Innovative, Multidisciplinary Overview

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Abstract

Although the concept of precision medicine, in which healthcare is tailored to the molecular and clinical characteristics of each individual, is not new, its implementation in clinical practice has been heterogenous. In some medical specialties, precision medicine has gone from being just a promise to a reality that achieves better patient outcomes. This is a fact if we consider, for example, the great advances made in the genetic diagnosis and subsequent treatment of countless hereditary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, which have improved the life expectancy of many of the affected children. In the field of oncology, the development of targeted therapies has prolonged the survival of patients with breast, lung, colorectal, melanoma, and hematological malignancies. In other disciplines, clinical milestones are perhaps less well known, but no less important. The current challenge is to expand and generalize the use of technologies that are central to precision medicine, such as massively parallel sequencing, to improve the management (prevention and treatment) of complex conditions such as cardiovascular, kidney, or autoimmune diseases. This process requires investment in specialized expertise, multidisciplinary collaboration, and the nationwide organization of genetic laboratories for diagnosis of specific diseases.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Anabel Herrero, on behalf of Springer Healthcare Communications, for providing medical writing assistance for this manuscript. This medical writing assistance was funded by the Cátedra UAM–Merck in Molecular Individualized Medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, Oncohealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain

    Jesús García-Foncillas

  2. Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Jesús García-Foncillas

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Institute, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Spanish PUBERE Registry, CIBER of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Jesús Argente

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Institute, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Spanish PUBERE Registry, CIBER of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Jesús Argente

  5. Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain

    Luis Bujanda

  6. Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

    Victoria Cardona

  7. ARADyAL Research Network, Barcelona, Spain

    Victoria Cardona

  8. Neuroimmunology Unit, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain

    Bonaventura Casanova

  9. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Bonaventura Casanova

  10. Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain

    Ana Fernández-Montes

  11. Overture Life, Valencia, Spain

    José A. Horcajadas

  12. Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Vigo, Spain

    Andrés Iñiguez

  13. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain

    Alberto Ortiz & María Vanessa Pérez Gómez

  14. Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

    José L. Pablos

  15. Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    José L. Pablos

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  1. Jesús García-Foncillas
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  2. Jesús Argente
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  3. Luis Bujanda
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  4. Victoria Cardona
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  5. Bonaventura Casanova
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  6. Ana Fernández-Montes
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  7. José A. Horcajadas
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  8. Andrés Iñiguez
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  9. Alberto Ortiz
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  11. María Vanessa Pérez Gómez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jesús García-Foncillas.

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Funding

Professional medical writing was funded by the Cátedra UAM–Merck in Molecular Individualized Medicine.

Conflict of Interest

J.G.F discloses consulting/advisory/honoraria speaker roles with Abbott, Amgen, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Biocartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Bayer, Celgene, Eisai, Foundation Medicine, GSK, Hospira, Janssen, Lilly, Merck Serono, MSD, Novartis, Pharmamar, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, Sysmex, and Tesaro. J.A. has received research grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with the help of European FEDER funding (FIS PI19/00166), and the Network Center for Biomedical Research on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. A.O. is a consultant for Sanofi Genzyme and has received speaker fees or travel support from AstraZeneca, Amicus, Amgen, Fresenius Medical Care, Menarini, Kyowa Kirin, Alexion, Otsuka, and Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma, and is Director of the Cátedra Mundipharma–UAM of diabetic kidney disease. A.O. has also received research grants from FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI17/00257, PI18/01386, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032), ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071), ISCIII-RETIC (REDinREN RD016/0009), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid en Biomedicina B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. V.C. reports personal fees from ALK, Allergy Therapeutics, LETI, Thermofisher, Merck, AstraZeneca, and GSK, outside the submitted work. B.C. declares that the Neuroimmunology Unit has received grants from: Biogen-Idec, Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Celgene-BMS, Almirall, Roche, and TEVA, and he has received consulting fees from Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck-Serono and Celgene-BMS. A.F.M. discloses consulting/advisory/speaker honoraria from Kyowa Kirin, Eisai, Servier, Amgen, Sanofi, Bayer, Lilly, BMS, Roche, and Merck. M.V.P.G. is a consultant for Sanofi Genzyme and has received speaker fees or travel support from AstraZeneca, Amicus, Amgen, Fresenius Medical Care, Menarini, Kyowa Kirin, Alexion, Otsuka, and Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma, and is Director of the Cátedra Mundipharma–UAM of diabetic kidney disease. She has also received research grants from FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI17/00257, PI18/01386, PI19/00588, PI19/00815, DTS18/00032), ERA-PerMed-JTC2018 (KIDNEY ATTACK AC18/00064 and PERSTIGAN AC18/00071), ISCIII-RETIC (REDinREN RD016/0009), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid en Biomedicina B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. L.B., J.A.H., and A.I have nothing to declare.

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García-Foncillas, J., Argente, J., Bujanda, L. et al. Milestones of Precision Medicine: An Innovative, Multidisciplinary Overview. Mol Diagn Ther 25, 563–576 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-021-00544-4

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