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Propagation of Rust-Tolerant Coffea arabica L. Plants by Sprout Rooting in Microtunnels

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Abstract

Small Peruvian coffee producers face low yields per hectare, caused mainly by recent rust outbreaks and by natural crossing of coffee varieties, which are sown without specific order. Coffee rust has drastically reduced areas of susceptible but high-quality cup varieties as caturra, pache, and nacional, which have been replaced by others with high grain weight, but low-quality cup. This study aimed to determine the rooting capacity of sprouts subjected to different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (AIB) in three varieties of Coffea arabica, in the San Martín region, Peru. The most appropriate sprout rooting characteristics allowing to propagate rust-tolerant C. arabica plants were evaluated, under the effect of four doses of AIB (0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm) in three coffee varieties (caturra, pache, and nacional), using microtunnels as rooting environments. A completely randomized design, consisting of three repetitions per treatment and six sprouts per repetition, was used. At the end of 50 days, the best rooting result (89%) was obtained with a dose of 2000 ppm of AIB in the caturra variety. The overall results are successful, since there is a conversion rate of sprouts into useful seedlings of more than 85%, if proper handling conditions are implemented. This method of propagation of rust-tolerant C. arabica sprouts by microtunnels enables a mass production of seedlings. The validation of these results could lead to the establishment of entire rust-tolerant coffee farms.

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Funding

To the “Programa Nacional de Inovación Agraria – PNIA” for funding this research work in the framework of the activities of the project “Biofertilización y bioprotección de plantas clonales de café (Coffea arabica) con micorrizas arbusculares en la Región San Martín,” according to Contract No. 23-2015-INIA-PNIA/UPMSI/IE. To the project “Generación de tecnologías de adaptación a los efectos negativos del cambio climático como un modelo sostenible y exitoso de la caficultura en la región San Martín” (No. 20-2018-FONDECYT-BM-IADT-AV), for funding the doctoral thesis “Efectos de la inoculación de micorrizas arbusculares sobre la tolerancia a roya en clones de café (Coffea arabica L.) var. caturra y pache en Moyobamba, Perú.” C.M. thanks the Universidad de O’Higgins postdoctoral fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Jr. Maynas N° 177, Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru

    Geomar Vallejos-Torres, Orlando Ríos & Agustín Cerna

  2. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Jr. Belén Torres de Tello 135,, San Martín, Peru

    Luis A. Arévalo

  3. Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad de O’Higgins, 3070000, San Fernando, Chile

    César Marín

  4. Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile

    César Marín

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  1. Geomar Vallejos-Torres
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  2. Luis A. Arévalo
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  3. Orlando Ríos
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  4. Agustín Cerna
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  5. César Marín
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Correspondence to César Marín.

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Vallejos-Torres, G., Arévalo, L.A., Ríos, O. et al. Propagation of Rust-Tolerant Coffea arabica L. Plants by Sprout Rooting in Microtunnels. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20, 933–940 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00180-7

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