Abstract
Monodelphis ronaldi is a short-tailed opossum currently known only by the holotype captured in Madre de Dios, Peru. The relationships of this species with other congeners are unknown, although it has been hypothesized to belong to the subgenus Mygalodelphys. Here, we report six additional specimens of M. ronaldi from the Alto Purús, Ucayali department, Peru, extend the range of the species about 240 km eastward, examine ontogenetic variation, and analyze its phylogenetic relationships using sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome-b gene. Our analyses recovered M. ronaldi as the sister species of M. handleyi, confirming its position within the subgenus Mygalodelphys. The genetic distance between them was almost 6%, besides several morphological traits differentiating both species. However, some morphological traits previously proposed as diagnostic were found to vary with age, so an emended diagnosis for M. ronaldi is provided. Additionally, we include new information about the habitat, geographic range, and natural history of this elusive species.
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New DNA sequences have been deposited in GenBank.
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Acknowledgements
We thank World Wildlife Fund Peru (WWF Perú) for the Travel Grants for the fieldwork (TD 10–TD 16, TD 96–TD 99, TE 01, and TE 02). Also, we thank Maribel Taco, Rocío Bardales, Carlos Ruelas, Nadia Espinoza, Mercedes Molina, Lisset Gómez, Pedro Huanca, Christian Loaiza, and personal of MABOSINFRON for their helping in the fieldwork; Omar Ruelas for performing the ratio diagram; José Luis Mena for the support to this study; Rob Voss for providing measurements of M. handleyi and a critical review of an earlier draft of this manuscript. Besides, we thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their critical suggestions to improve this work. Finally, we thank the Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego (MINAGRI) for giving us the research permit with Resolución de Dirección General N° 0125-2015-SERFOR-DGGSPFFS. This work was done under the objectives of the DIMAPA research group of the Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado of the UNMSM.
Funding
This study was funded by Travel Grants (TD 10–TD 16, TD 96–TD 99, TE 01, and TE 02) given by World Wildlife Fund Peru (WWF Perú) for the fieldwork.
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DR designed the study. DR and VP collected the samples and tissues. DR did the laboratory work and conducted the analysis. DR wrote the manuscript. VP did a critical revision on the draft. DR and VP approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Appendices
Appendix 1
List of Cytochrome-b sequences included in the molecular analysis. GenBank accession and catalog numbers, country, locality, and reference for each terminal species are provided.
Genus | Species | GB accession number | Collection number | Country | Region/Locality | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monodelphis | adusta | DQ386618 | KU 157978 | Peru | Loreto | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | adusta | DQ386619 | TTU 84865 | Ecuador | Pastaza | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | adusta | DQ386620 | TTU 84899 | Ecuador | Pastaza | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | adusta | DQ386621 | TTU 98686 | Peru | Loreto | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | adusta | DQ386622 | TTU 101019 | Peru | Loreto | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | americana | KM071572 | MCN-M1591 | Brazil | Minas Gerais | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | arlindoi | KM071461 | MPEG 39810 | Brazil | Pará | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | brevicaudata | KM071354 | MZUSP: MTR 23220 | Brazil | Roraima | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | dimidiata | KM071564 | MZUSP 30698 | Brazil | São Paulo | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | domestica | KM071419 | MZUSP 29471 | Brazil | Ceará | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | emiliae | KM071607 | MZUSP 35065 | Brazil | Amazonas | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | gardneri | KM071565 | MUSM 13007 | Peru | Junín | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | glirina | KM071547 | MZUSP 35073 | Brazil | Mato Grosso | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | handleyi | DQ386629 | MUSM 15991 | Peru | Loreto | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | handleyi | DQ386630 | MVC 368 | Peru | Loreto | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | handleyi | DQ386631 | JAA 849 | Peru | Loreto | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | handleyi | DQ386632 | MVC362 | Peru | Loreto | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | iheringi | KM071389 | MCN-M2026 | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | kunsi | EF154224 | MN 37363 | Brazil | Goiás | Carvalho et al. (2011) |
Monodelphis | kunsi | EU750740 | MN 37249 | Brazil | Goiás | Carvalho et al. (2011) |
Monodelphis | kunsi | HM998582 | TK 82904 | Argentina | Salta | Solari (2010) |
Monodelphis | kunsi | HM998584 | TK 82906 | Argentina | Salta | Solari (2010) |
Monodelphis | kunsi | HM998585 | NK 23374 | Bolivia | Tarija | Solari (2010) |
Monodelphis | kunsi | HM998586 | TK67127 | Paraguay | Canindeyu | Solari (2010) |
Monodelphis | kunsi | KM071331 | UFMG 1965 | Brazil | Minas Gerais | Patton and Costa (2003) |
Monodelphis | osgoodi | DQ386624 | CBF 7640 | Bolivia | La Paz | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | osgoodi | DQ386625 | EY 1915 | Bolivia | Cochabamba | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | osgoodi | DQ386628 | AMNH264922 | Bolivia | Cochabamba | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | osgoodi | HM998587 | TK 125204 | Bolivia | La Paz | Solari (2010) |
Monodelphis | osgoodi | HM998588 | TK 125208 | Bolivia | Cochabamba | Solari (2010) |
Monodelphis | palliolata | KM071472 | AMNH 276508 | Venezuela | Falcon | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | KM071406 | AMNH 272695 | Peru | Loreto | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | DQ385836 | AMNH 272781 | Peru | Loreto | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | DQ385838 | USNM 582110 | Peru | Junín | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | DQ385839 | MUSM 13416 | Peru | Cusco | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | DQ386611 | FMNH 172032 | Peru | Cusco | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | DQ386613 | AMNH 264562 | Bolivia | La Paz | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | DQ386615 | TK 125210 | Bolivia | Cochabamba | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | HM998589 | TK 125206 | Bolivia | Cochabamba | Solari (2010) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | HM998590 | TK 125809 | Peru | Ayacucho | Solari (2010) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | DQ385837 | MUSM 13006 | Peru | Junín | Solari (2007) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | U34676 | MVZ 171412 | Peru | Cusco | Patton et al. (1996) |
Monodelphis | peruviana | U34677 | MVZ 173928 | Peru | Cusco | Patton et al. (1996) |
Monodelphis | pinocchio | KM071555 | MZUSP30740 | Brazil | Sao Paulo | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | pinocchio | KM071556 | MZUSP: MTR10770 | Brazil | Minas Gerais | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | pinocchio | KM071557 | MZUSP: MTR11578 | Brazil | Espírito Santo | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | reigi | FJ810210 | ROM 114699 | Guyana | Potaro-Siparuni | Lim et al. (2010) |
Monodelphis | reigi | FJ810211 | ROM 114864 | Guyana | Mount Ayanganna | Lim et al. (2010) |
Monodelphis | ronaldi | MK867353 | MPEG 45648 | Brazil | Humaitá, Amazonas | Bezerra et al. (2019) |
Monodelphis | ronaldi | MZ322089 | MUSM 17027 | Peru | Madre de Dios, Manu, Pakitza | This study |
Monodelphis | ronaldi | MZ322087 | MUSM 44285 | Peru | Ucayali, Río La Novia conservation concession | This study |
Monodelphis | ronaldi | MZ322088 | MUSM 44287 | Peru | Ucayali, Río La Novia conservation concession | This study |
Monodelphis | ronaldi | MZ322084 | MUSM 44288 | Peru | Ucayali, Río La Novia conservation concession | This study |
Monodelphis | ronaldi | MZ322085 | MUSM 44289 | Peru | Ucayali, Río La Novia conservation concession | This study |
Monodelphis | ronaldi | MZ322086 | MUSM 44533 | Peru | Ucayali, Río La Novia conservation concession | This study |
Monodelphis | saci | KM071402 | MPEG 40575 | Brazil | Pará | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | saci | KM071403 | MPEG 42956 | Brazil | Pará | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | saci | KM071404 | MPEG 38947 | Brazil | Pará | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | sanctaerosae | KM071527 | AMNH 263548 | Bolivia | Santa Cruz | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | scalops | KM071595 | MZUSP 30702 | Brazil | São Paulo | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Monodelphis | vossi | EF154214 | MN 37830 | Brazil | Surumu, Serra do Mel, Roraima | Carvalho et al. (2011) |
Monodelphis | touan | KM071498 | MPEG 41547 | Brazil | Pará | Pavan et al. (2014) |
Marmosa | murina | EF154231 | AN 338 | Brrazil | – | Carvalho et al. (2011) |
Micoureus | demerarae | EF154230 | MN 36734 | Brazil | – | Carvalho et al. (2011) |
Appendix 2
List and localities of specimens used in this study. Abbreviations: Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM, Lima), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH, New York).
Monodelphis handleyi (n = 3): PERU: Loreto: Requena, Centro de Investigaciones Jenaro Herrera, 4° 55′ 1.2″ S, 73° 45′ 0″ W (MUSM 15991, holotype), 4° 54′ 16.992″ S, 73° 40′ 22.04″ W (AMNH 276709, MUSM 23809).
Monodelphis ronaldi (n = 7): PERU: Madre de Dios: Manu, Pakitza, Manu Reserved Zone (MUSM 17027, holotype); Ucayali: Purús, Concesión de Conservación Río La Novia, 9° 55′ 53″ S, 70° 42′ 13″ W (MUSM 44287–44289, 44533), 9° 55′ 47 ″ S, 70° 42′ 08″ W (MUSM 44285), 9° 55′ 44″ S, 70° 41′ 54″ W (MUSM 44284).
Monodelphis adusta (n = 4): PERU: Amazonas, Condorcanqui, El Cenepa, Camp. 1, margen izquierda de la quebrada Chinganaza, aprox. 1 km al SO del Puesto de Vigilancia Ponce, 3° 46′ 38″ S, 78° 20′ 8″ W (MUSM 27045), Loreto: Maynas, San Juan Bautista, Ex Petroleros, 300 m W km 39,8 de la carretera Iquitos-Nauta, 4° 4′ 44″ S, 73° 27′ 11″ W (MUSM 30147); Maynas, San Juan Bautista, La Habana km 49.5 carretera Iquitos-Nauta O del camino, 4° 9′ 56″ S, 73° 28′ 57″ W (MUSM 33519); Maynas, San Juan Bautista, Mishana Km 25 carretera Iquitos-Nauta, Reserva Allpahuayo-Mishana, 3° 57′ 34″ S, 73° 25′ 19″ W (MUSM 33520).
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Ruelas, D., Pacheco, V. New morphological data and phylogenetic position of the rare short-tailed opossum Monodelphis ronaldi (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) with new records. Mamm Biol 102, 189–204 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00219-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00219-x