Suppression of egg-laying during starvation in the snailLymnaea stagnalis by inhibition of the ovulation hormone producing Caudo-Dorsal cells

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90528-5

Brain Research

Volume 239, Issue 2, 13 May 1982, Pages 535-542

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(82)90528-5 Get rights and content

Abstract

Starvation inhibits egg-laying in the snail,Lymnaea stagnalis. In starved animals the neurosecretory Caudo-Dorsal Cells (CDC), which produce the egg-laying hormone, are hyperpolarized as compared to the CDC of controls. However, they are more responsive to repetitive intracellular stimulation, which induces the hormone releasing discharge. Hyperpolarization is not found in the non-neurosecretory Cerebral Giant Cells, which indicates that the effect is specific for the CDC. It is also a characteristic effect of starvation as compared to another treatment (dirty water) inhibiting egg-laying.

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Citation Excerpt :
Wintering P. corneus individuals kept in conditions with a natural photoperiod did not breed, while snails tested during the May–September period laid numerous eggs (Żbikowska and Cichy, 2012). The impeding of breeding of animals during winter period was not broken even by a 3-week acclimation at a temperature of 19 °C and natural photoperiod, which is in accordance with the observations of other authors (Maat et al., 1982; Goldman, 2001). Jigyasu and Singh (2010) argued that the primary factor deciding the initiation of reproductive activity is not a temperature but the proper photoperiod.
Fever is regarded as a physiological response to infection both in endothermic and ectothermic animals. In ectotherms, fevers are achieved only behaviorally, and has been described in many vertebrates’ and few invertebrates’ groups. In snails only symptoms of reverse fever as a response to trematode invasion were found. Present work reports on the effects of two different pyrogens – lipopolysaccharide extracted from Escherichia coli (LPS), and zymosan – from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the thermal behavior of wintering (studied during a winter season) specimens of the Planorbarius corneus (L.). Using the thermal gradient protocol we demonstrate that the individuals of this snail species responded with behavioral fevers to dosages of pyrogens. LPS injection to the surface of the snail’s foot at a dose of 10 μg/g resulted in a significant increase in preferred temperature at 5 h after injection. Similarly zymosan at a dose of 0.5 and 1.0 μg/g – caused fever at 8 h and 9 h respectively. Average temperature chosen by feverish animals after latency period reached 28.7 ± 0.41 °C (LPS), 28.1 ± 0.43 °C (zymosan 1.0 μg/g) or 25.5 ± 0.33 °C (zymosan 0.5 μg/g). We conclude, therefore, that snails are capable of reacting with fever to selected pathogen associated factors, and P. corneus can be used as a model to study a behavioral fever phenomenon in invertebrate animals.
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The common white snail (Cernuella virgata) (da Costa) is an exotic pest of grain crops in southern Australia. In order to better control these snails and develop optimal management strategies, it is important to understand how their breeding behavior is influenced by soil moisture and soil type. Pairs of adult snails were placed into vials containing either a calcareous or a non-calcareous soil at five moisture levels along their soil moisture retention curves: no-water; permanent wilting-point; mid-point; field-capacity; and saturation. Survival analysis was used to estimate the tendency of C. virgata to lay an egg cluster. ANOVA showed that there was no two-way interaction between soil moisture and soil type, however, one-way ANOVA showed that the tendency of C. virgata to deposit the first egg cluster was greater in the non-calcareous soil and increased as soil moisture increased. There was a higher total number of egg clusters laid in the non-calcareous soil. The total number of egg clusters laid in the two soil types increased as soil moisture content increased. No eggs were laid in the no-water treatment. C. virgata breed more frequently in moist soils, and egg laying is greater in wet seasons. Therefore the risk of grain contamination in spring is predicted to be greater following a relatively wet autumn and spring.
Effects of 2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl on egg laying in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis
1992, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C, Comparative
1. Effects of 2,2'-DCB on reproduction of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis have been studied with special emphasis on the neuroendocrine caudo-dorsal cells (CDCs).
2. Treated snails showed increased latencies of egg-laying after the clean-water stimulus needed for induction of egg-laying but not after injections with CDC-hormone containing extracts to induce ovulation, so the delay of oviposition originates before or during hormonal release from CDCs.
3. Electron microscopical observations of the commissures containing the axons of the CDCs showed a decreased number of exocytoses in treated snails.
4. In vitro effects of 2,2'-DCB treatment on the electrophysiology of the CDCs were also examined.
5. There was a slight effect on the resting membrane potential of the CDCs of treated snails, if the CDCs were divided into resting state CDCs (more negative than control resting state CDCs) and inhibited CDCs (less negative than control inhibited CDCs). During electrical activity of the cells, several treated snails showed CDC discharges with an unusual bursting pattern.
6. 2,2'-DCB treatment of snails affects reproduction. 2,2'-DCB or toxic metabolic intermediates may affect the endocrine function of the CDCs probably in combination with interference at the neuronal pathways involved in CDC activation.
Molluscan ovulation hormone containing neurons and age-related reproductive decline
1990, Neurobiology of Aging
Behavioural and neurophysiological experiments were conducted to examine the state of the neurosecretory caudodorsal cells (CDCs) during female reproductive decline in the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Old animals that had ceased egg laying do not respond to an oviposition-inducing stimulus. Female reproductive organs in such animals are still intact, though less sensitive to CDC-hormone. The CDC contents of old nonlaying snails are still effective in producing ovulation in young animals. The electrophysiological properties of the CDCs of old nonlaying snails only differ from those of egg-laying snails in one respect; the duration of the afterdischarge is longer. This difference is not directly related to age but to egg-laying activity of the snails since the afterdischarge in old layers did not differ significantly from that in young layers. It is concluded that the CDCs of old nonlaying animals are in principle still intact. Female reproductive decline and subsequent cessation of female reproduction in Lymnaea may result from impairment of input to the CDCs.
One receptor type mediates two independent effects of FMRFa on neurosecretory cells of Lymnaea
1989, Peptides
Structure activity relations (SAR) of FMRFa on the transient hyperpolarizing response and long lasting depression of excitability of neurosecretory caudo dorsal cells (CDCs) of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were examined. Although these effects to FMRFa occur independently, the SARs for the induction of both responses were identical suggesting that CDCs possess a single type of FMRFa receptors. Native GDPFLRFa and SDPFLRFa were equipotent to FMRFa receptors. It is concluded that activation of the receptor requires [Arg³-Phe⁴]-NH₂, whereas N-terminal amino acids are involved in binding.

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Suppression of egg-laying during starvation in the snailLymnaea stagnalis by inhibition of the ovulation hormone producing Caudo-Dorsal cells

Abstract

Brain Research

Gen. comp. Endocrin.

Prolonged inhibition of neurons by neuroendocrine cells inAplysia

Science

Axonal branching pattern and coupling mechanisms of the cerebral giant neurones in the snailLymnaea stangalis

J. Neurobiol.

Gametogenesis and oviposition inLymnaea stagnalis as influenced by γ-irradiation and hunger

States of excitability in ovulation hormone producing neuroendocrine cells ofLymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) and their relation to the egg-laying cycle

J. Neurobiol.

Electrical activity and hormonal output of ovulation hormone producing neuroendocrine cells inLymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda)