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Acetylcholine and memory: A long, complex and chaotic but still living relationship
2011, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :First, based on the assumption that septo-hippocampal cholinergic neurons play a role in learning and memory, several findings have provided evidence that memory testing is accompanied by significant changes in markers of cholinergic activity (see in [7,34]). A series of studies has shown that spatial memory tasks significantly alter hippocampal sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake (SDHACU), an ex vivo measure of pre-synaptic ACh activity, in a direction and with an amplitude which both depend on the task [35,36] and correlate to the rate of acquisition and learning profile of the animals [28,37,38]. More recently, fundamental progress was made with the development of the microdialysis technique allowing the evaluation of changes in hippocampal extracellular ACh levels in freely moving animals.
Contextual fear conditioning is associated with an increase of acetylcholine release in the hippocampus of rat
2000, Cognitive Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Specifically, it has been shown that, in mice, re-exposure to the conditioning chamber was associated with a decrease in hippocampal–lateral septal (LS) glutamatergic neurotransmission only when contextual cues were the sole predictor of foot-shock occurrence [3, 7], and that enhancing this LS neurotransmission by high-frequency stimulation of the fimbria administered prior to conditioning strongly impaired contextual conditioning [26]. Now, on the basis of pharmacological and neurochemical experiments, it has been argued that a decrease in hippocampal–LS glutamatergic neurotransmission would result in a disinhibition, presumably through GABAergic inter-neurones (see Ref. [9]), of cholinergic cells located in the MS/VDB [13]. To clarify the role of cholinergic transmission in contextual fear conditioning, we investigated, in the present study, changes in acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus during aversive pavlovian conditioning to contextual stimuli.
Stimulation of noradrenaline release by T-588, a cognitive enhancer, in PC12 cells
2000, Japanese Journal of PharmacologyCentral α<inf>1</inf>-adrenoceptors: Their role in the modulation of attention and memory formation
1999, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsThe effects of T-588, a novel cognitive enhancer, on noradrenaline uptake and release in rat cerebral cortical slices
1998, Japanese Journal of Pharmacology