Laser surface texturing of thermoplastics to improve biological performance

doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-816874-5.00002-5

Materials for Biomedical Engineering

Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers

2019, Pages 29-56

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816874-5.00002-5 Get rights and content

Abstract

This chapter discusses the utilization of laser sources to control and tailor the surface characteristics of thermoplastic polymers used as matrices in composites for biomedical applications. Surface features, namely topography (at the macro-, micro-, or nanoscale), surface chemistry, and wettability are linked properties and determine the biological performance of biomedical materials. These characteristics can be used to control the cellular response of implants. Different micro- and nanostructures stimulate diverse cell behavior (e.g., changes in cell adhesion, orientation, motility, etc.). This complexity presents both a challenge and an opportunity which can be efficiently solved by utilizing the laser surface texturing technique.

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Citation Excerpt :
Fig. 1 (d) shows the pristine PET having a smooth surface without any irregularities. The laser irradiation triggers photophysical mechanism on the surface and leads to melting and breaking of chemical bonds [37,38]. When the laser irradiation is cut off, rapid solidification of the molten material occurs and leads to the formation of protrusion pattern which is shown in Fig. S2.
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a predominant method for converting ubiquitous mechanical energy into electrical energy using the triboelectric effect. Enhancement of charge generation in the TENG device is a major challenge to be addressed. Recently, laser surface patterning (LSP) has been proven to be an effective technique in improving triboelectrification. LSP process uses the photophysical mechanism for the formation of micropatterns. In this work, micro patterns such as circle, line and X patterns were developed on the PET substrate using continuous-wave fibre laser of wavelength 1064 nm. The LSP process has enabled the development of consistent architecture with more efficient surface morphology as compared to conventional surface replication and few lithography processes. The line patterned TENG has shown better triboelectric performances compared to pristine and other patterned TENG devices. The triboelectric short circuit current, open circuit voltage and power density of the line patterned TENG device was 0.46 μA, 36 V and 0.8 μW/cm² respectively. The mechanical endurance of the line patterned TENG device was demonstrated for 10000 cycles without any significant loss in the performance. The maximum electrical energy generated from TENG device was stored in 1 μF commercial capacitor and three blue LEDs were powered up using the stored energy. Furthermore, theoretical simulation has been carried out to confirm the effective output performance of patterned TENG device. Hence, the proposed TENG has been found to be highly reliable and suitable for powering the low power electronic devices.
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Chapter 2 - Laser surface texturing of thermoplastics to improve biological performance

Abstract