Root cause analysis methodology for circuit breaker associated to GIS

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104680Get rights and content

Highlights

  • Circuit breakers are vulnerable equipment due to current failures extinction and arcs.

  • A new methodology for root cause analysis associated to circuit breaker.

  • A real case study has been developed with 1023 circuit breakers.

Abstract

In the last years, the most vulnerable equipment is the circuit breaker in the high voltage substation, due to dynamic behavior, associated to the extinction of electric arcs. Several studies have provided assessment methodologies, according to international standards as IEC, IEEE, CIGRE, and others; however, they are independent studies from the manufacturer’s point of view, for the exchange of parts, not early detection, avoiding the fault. Our findings are a new methodology of engineering failure analysis is proposed for to avoid the sudden and catastrophic failure of the circuit breaker. Besides, to promote uniformity in the failure analysis of circuit breaker and the systematic and uniform collection of valuable data and information, in order to avoid its loss or destruction; with an early detection with the integration of the international standards.

Introduction

Circuit breaker (CB), specially associated to Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) [1], they are used in high voltage substation (VHS), because, they involve less space and are easy to maintain [2]; besides, they have high reliability [3] and good environmental adaptability too [4]. The GIS has many components in the interior: Circuit breaker, disconnectors, current transformers, voltage transformers, bus bar and surge arrester. The GIS is filled with electrical insulating gas as SF6 [5].

In the last years, in the statistics results, “the mechanical failure accounts for about 25% of the accidents of 110 kV and above high voltage circuit breakers in China” [6]. Between the many causes of mechanical failure, “the circuit breaker body and operating mechanism are the main defects of the circuit breakers” [7]. Due to “fracture reason of high-strength bolts” [8], on the other hand, “the micro-fracture mechanism to analyze the fracture causes of bolts” [9]. The experimental analysis is the reason for “the delayed fracture of the grade bolt is that the excessive strength of materials caused by insufficient tempering” [10]. In 2010, “the bolts under the action of the impact load until the fracture, and concludes that the larger screws should be selected and tightened” [11]. In this case, the problems existing in a certain “type of circuit breaker are sorted out, and corresponding solutions are proposed through experimental analysis, which can provide reference for improving the operation and maintenance of the circuit breakers” [12]. In the point of view of engineering failure analysis, many organizations are looking for new proposal for to provide a new methodology in a case of sudden and catastrophic failure in circuit breakers, institution as IEEE [14], CIGRE [15] and IEC [16].

The objective is a methodology of failure in a circuit breaker technology for sudden a catastrophic failure, besides, to promote uniformity in the failure analysis of circuit breaker and the systematic and uniform collection of valuable data and information, in order to avoid its loss or destruction; with an early detection.

Section snippets

Methodology

“Circuit Breakers perform several key functions in power systems. These include; Connecting and disconnecting high voltage equipment, Energizing and de-energizing loads, Switching transmission lines, cables and other components of the network, and Interrupting faults in the electricity network. [17] More than 35% of major failures of high voltage circuit breakers were caused by “Wear/Ageing”, according to the root cause analysis, the visual inspection is the main measure for detection of

Case study

The case study has considered 1023 circuit breakers, according to the classification in the Fig. 2 and 3 GIS in Latin American with the following results in the Table 1.

The application of the Fig. 1 has developed the effectiveness and efficiency in the Table 1, according to this results, the root cause analysis for circuit breaker is developed as following: Operating mechanism failures, failures due to degradation of external solid insulation, faults caused by transient voltage, failures due to

Discussion

The policy decision to use periodic acoustic technique for PD measurement: Following the perceived success of the acoustic technique, a decision was taken to evaluate acoustic instruments commercially available on the market. Two instruments were evaluated including trials and visits to the HV laboratories of both locations. Subsequently one device was purchased in the mid to late 2010s. Since then all GIS installations rated at 500 kV and above are annually surveyed for PD activity using this

Grants/financial support

None.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Ricardo Manuel Arias Velásquez: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. Jennifer Vanessa Mejía Lara: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments.

Authors would like to thank to Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, for the knowledge contribution in this research.

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