Spanish version of Jenkins Sleep Scale in physicians and nurses: psychometric properties from a Peruvian nationally representative sample

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110759Get rights and content

Highlights

  • •

    The Jenkins Sleep Scale(JSS) assess the frequency and intensity of sleep difficulties.

  • •

    JSS has adequate psychometric properties in nurses and physicians working in Peru.

  • •

    The JSS one-dimensional model has adequate goodness-of-fit and reliability indicators.

  • •

    We proposed profession and age-specific normative values based on percentiles.

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Jenkins Sleep Scale with 4 items (JSS-4) of the Peruvian health system's (PHS) nurses and physicians.

Methods

We carried out a psychometric study based on secondary analysis in a sample from a nationally representative survey that used acomplex sampling design. The participants were physicians and nurses aged 18–65 years, working in PHS private and public facilities, who have fulfilled all JSS-4 items. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was evaluated via two estimates - classic alpha (α) and categorical omega (ω) coefficients. Also, we tested the invariance across groups of variables. The convergent validity was evaluated based on the relation between JSS-4 and PHQ-2 using Pearson's correlation coefficient and effect size (Cohen's d). Also, we designed normative values based on percentiles.

Results

We included 2100 physicians and 2826 nurses in the analysis. We observed that the unidimensional model has adequate goodness-of-fit indices and values of α and ω coefficients.

No measurement invariance was found between the groups of professionals and age groups; however, invariance was achieved between sex, monthly income, work-related illness, and chronic illness groups. Regarding the relation with other variables, the JSS-4 has a small correlation with PHQ-2. Also, profession and age-specific normative values were proposed.

Conclusion

JSS-4 Spanish version has adequate psychometric properties in PHS nurses and physicians.

Section snippets

Background

Sleep problems are among the most prevalent health complaints in medical care and the general population, especially in low- and middle-income countries [1,2]. Recently, sleep emerged as the epidemiological research arena's relevant topic [3]. The consequences of sleep disturbances include decreased quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality [4,5]. Furthermore, sleep disorder effects are associated with the lack of attention, high irritability, memory lapses, impaired communication,

Design and data source

We carried out a psychometric study based on the secondary data analysis from Questionnaire 2 of the ENSUSALUD-2016 and used the information available in the ENSUSALUD database. It is a secondary database freely accessible from the Peruvian Superintendence of Health (SUSALUD for its Spanish acronym) (http://portal.susalud.gob.pe/blog/base-de-datos-2016). For this study, we used data from physicians and nurses who completed this questionnaire in primary care healthcare centers in Peru.

The

Description of participants

The dataset initially had 5098 records. After applying the inclusion criteria, 172 records were eliminated. A total of 4926 participants were included in our study (Table 1), with mean age of 44.41 years (SD = 10.82). The proportions of the physicians and nurses were 40.9% (n = 2100) and 59.1% (n = 2826), with mean age of 44.63 (SD = 10.84) and 44.24 (SD = 10.80), respectively.

Factor analysis and reliability

The analyses showed that the unidimensional model had adequate goodness-of-fit indices and adequate alpha and omega

Main findings

Our results show that this JSS-4 version presents psychometric evidence of validity and reliability to evaluate sleep problems among medical and nursing professionals working in the Peruvian health system. Regarding the internal structure, we found that the unidimensional model has the best properties. We found optimal invariance scores in sex, monthly income, work-related illness, and noncommunicable diseases. Notwithstanding, the invariance was partial with the profession, hours of sleep, and

Strengths and limitations

Our study has two important strengths. First, we used a representative sample of physicians and nurses working in Peru's primary care, which would generalise the results to this population group. Second, we evaluated the JSS's internal and external validity properties and reliability. Therefore, it represents a critical evaluation of the instrument's measurement properties. On the other hand, our study has four critical limitations. First, the validity analysis evaluates different aspects of

Conclusion

The JSS-4 Spanish version has adequate psychometric properties to assess physicians and nurses working in the PHS. Beyond the limitations, our study is one of the first approximations to study sleep problems from a nationally representative sample of the Peruvian healthcare workforce. The JSS-4 Spanish version could be helpful for decision-makers to assess the sleep status of health professionals and develop policies to improve the sleep quality of workers.

Funding

This research received no grants from public, commercial, or not-for-profit funding agencies. English edition and grammar review were paid by Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola.

Availability of data and materials

The ENSUSALUD database is publicly available on the website: (http://portal.susalud.gob.pe/blog/base-de-datos-2016).

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Ethical approval was not required in this article because secondary analyses were performed using the ENSUSALUD public databases. No prospective data collection of participants was made; all data used, collected by SUSALUD (National Superintendence of Health, in Spanish), were retrospective. Being a retrospective evaluation of an open-access database (anonymous), our study did not require participants' formal consent. The survey was anonymous, and no information in the database could lead to

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors report no conflict of interest during the study, analyzing the data, or writing the manuscript.

Acknowledgments

None.

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