Original article
Influence of maxillary canine impaction characteristics and factors associated with orthodontic treatment on the duration of active orthodontic traction

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.10.018Get rights and content

Highlights

  • The duration of active orthodontic traction was evaluated.

  • Maxillary impacted canine characteristics influenced the time of canine traction.

  • Bilateral impacted canines increases the duration of traction.

  • Bicortical and sector 4 or 5 location also increase the duration of traction.

Introduction

Orthodontic traction of a maxillary impacted canine (MIC) increases the orthodontic treatment time. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of MIC characteristics and factors associated with orthodontic treatment on the duration of active orthodontic traction.

Methods

This follow-up and retrospective study included 45 MICs orthodontically tractioned into the occlusal plane with the use of a standardized protocol. MIC characteristics, including type, sector, side, location, height, and complexity of impaction, as well as α and β angles and canine root length and area were measured. Likewise, factors associated with orthodontic treatment, including sex, age, malocclusion, premolar extractions, previous incisor root resorption, ANB, APDI, and SNA angles, and PNS-ANS distance were also evaluated. The statistical analysis included multiple linear regressions to estimate the influence of all variables on the duration of traction (α = 0.05).

Results

Sex had significant influence (P = 0.027) on the time of traction; in female patients, the time was 2.05 months more than in male patients. Bilateral impaction treatment increased the time by 2.74 months compared with unilateral cases (P = 0.001). Traction of bicortically centered impacted canines increased the duration of traction by 2.85 months (P = 0.001). Finally, the traction time increased in 2.35 months (P = 0.046) when the impaction sectors were 4 or 5 (close to the midline).

Conclusions

The duration of active orthodontic traction of MIC is mainly influenced by sex, bilateral type, bicortically centered location, or when MIC is located in sector 4 or 5 close to midline, increasing the traction time by some months.

Section snippets

Material and methods

This follow-up and retrospective study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú (00021). The sample involved 30 patients (11 male, 19 female; overall mean age 18.16 ± 7.32) attending a private clinic in Bogotá, Colombia, from 2010 to 2018 and treated by a single experienced orthodontist (G.A.R.-M.). The subjects included 45 MICs orthodontically tractioned to the occlusal plane with the use of a standardized protocol. The minimum sample

Results

The average duration of active orthodontic traction of the 45 MICs was an 8.40 ± 3.26 months (range 4-16 months). Tables II and III present descriptive statistics of all qualitative and quantitative variables evaluated as independent variables (predictors) in the MIC traction time (outcome variable).

A multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the influence of the predictive variables on the duration of MIC traction (Table IV). Seven variables had a value of P <0.25 according to the

Discussion

An approximate prediction of orthodontic traction time of an MIC is useful for orthodontists because they could plan their treatment more accurately regarding the time involved in this traction and the patients could know in how much time they could have a harmonious smile. This duration of traction could be influenced by the characteristics of canine impaction and by factors associated with orthodontic treatment. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of MIC

Conclusions

The duration of orthodontic traction of maxillary impacted canines of this study subjects is mainly influenced by the sex of the patient, the condition of bilateral impaction, canines impacted bicortically, and sectors close to the midline, and these factors may increase the traction time by a few months. Nevertheless, further independent studies with greater sample sizes are needed to confirm our results.

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    All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest, and none were reported.

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