Systems neuroscienceA study of the role of neuro-glial remodeling in the oxytocin system at lactation
Section snippets
Animals
Female Wistar rats, at least 3 months of age, and raised under controlled temperature and light conditions (12-h light/dark; water and food ad libitum) were used (n=55). They were mated and pregnancy was confirmed by the presence of a vaginal plug on the next day (gestation day 0); they were then housed in individual cages. All experiments were carried out according to international guidelines on the ethical use of animals. Moreover, the protocol elaborated here was such as to limit the number
PSA in the hypothalamus and its removal by endoN
In accord with earlier studies (Theodosis et al 1991, Theodosis et al 1999, Bonfanti et al 1992), in the aCSF-treated group, we found strong immunoreactivity for PSA in the SON and PVN, around the third ventricle and very little in adjacent hypothalamic areas (Fig. 1A). PSA immunoreactivity characteristically filled the neuropil around neuronal somata, which were immunonegative. In endoN-treated animals, a single microinjection of endoN resulted in variable diffusion of the enzyme and PSA was
Discussion
As in earlier studies (Theodosis et al 1991, Theodosis et al 1999), we observed a large amount of the carbohydrate PSA in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei of aCSF-treated animals, which was completely removed in endoN-treated animals. Our earlier ultrastructural studies established that enzymatic removal of PSA with endoN prevents the onset of morphological plasticity throughout the OT system (Theodosis et al 1999, Monlezun et al 2005). We showed in this study that endoN removal of PSA and
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to G. Rougon (Marseille, France) for her generous gifts of PSA-NCAM antibody and endoN enzyme. This work was supported by a Région Aquitaine contract (no. 200103 01 220).
References (40)
- et al.
Mapping of the distribution of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule throughout the central nervous system of the adult ratan immunohistochemical study
Neuroscience
(1992) - et al.
Polysialic acid is required for active phases of morphological plasticity of neurosecretory axons and their glia
Mol Cell Neurosci
(2005) - et al.
PSA-NCAM is required for activity-induced synaptic plasticity
Neuron
(1996) - et al.
The polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule reaches cell surfaces of hypothalamic neurons and astrocytes via the constitutive pathway
Neuroscience
(2001) - et al.
Polysialic acid in the vertebrate nervous systema promoter of plasticity in cell-cell interactions
Trends Neurosci
(1996) - et al.
The glucose oxidase-DAB-nickel method in peroxidase histochemistry of the nervous system
Neurosci Lett
(1988) Oxytocin-secreting neuronsA physiological model of morphological neuronal and glial plasticity in the adult hypothalamus
Front Neuroendocrinol
(2002)- et al.
Neuronal, glial and synaptic remodeling in the adult hypothalamusfunctional consequences and role of cell surface and extracellular matrix adhesion molecules
Neurochem Int
(2004) - et al.
Modulation of neurotransmission by reciprocal synapse-glial interactions at the neuromuscular junction
J Neurocytol
(2003) - et al.
The polysialic acid modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule is involved in spatial learning and hippocampal long-term potentiation
J Neurosci Res
(1996)
Changes in properties and neurosteroid regulation of GABAergic synapses in the supraoptic nucleus during the mammalian female reproductive cycle
J Physiol
Oxytocin responses to stress in lactating and hyperprolactinaemic rats
Neuroendocrinology
Dehydration-induced synaptic plasticity in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus
Endocrinology
Revisiting the function of PSA-NCAM in the nervous system
Mol Neurobiol
Electrophysiological evidence for facilitatory control of oxytocin neurones by oxytocin during suckling in the rat
J Physiol
Endogenous opioid peptides inhibit oxytocin release in the lactating rat after dehydration and urethane
Endocrinology
Reduced oxytocin response to osmotic stimulus and immobilization stress in lactating rats
J Endocrinol
Glutamatergic input governs periodicity and synchronization of bursting activity in oxytocin neurons in hypothalamic organotypic cultures
Eur J Neurosci
Evidence for a hypothalamic oxytocin-sensitive pattern-generating network governing oxytocin neurons in vitro
J Neurosci
Control of fluid intake in pregnant and lactating rats
J Physiol
Cited by (39)
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus as a central hub for the estrogenic modulation of neuroendocrine function and behavior
2022, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :In addition, glial cells release different gliotransmitters, such as ATP, adenosine, glutamate and D-serine that modulate synaptic transmission and participate in the processing of neuronal information (Oliet et al., 2001; Panatier et al., 2006; Perea et al., 2009; Tasker et al., 2012). In the hypothalamus, changes in astrocytic coverage of magnocellular neurons in the PVN and the supraoptic nucleus are associated with OXT neuron bursting and with changes in the number and function of synaptic contacts on OXT cells (Catheline et al., 2006; Oliet et al., 2001; Tasker et al., 2012; Theodosis et al., 1981; Tweedle and Hatton, 1977). In addition, inflammatory activation of astrocytes and microglia of the PVN is associated with sympathetic activation and the development of hypertension (Ahmari et al., 2019; Mi et al., 2018; Moreira et al., 2019).
Oxytocin: Control of secretion by the brain and central roles
2016, The Curated Reference Collection in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral PsychologyMaternal Brain Adaptations in Pregnancy
2015, Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction: Two-Volume SetNeuropeptides as neuroprotective agents: Oxytocin a forefront developmental player in the mammalian brain
2014, Progress in NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :OT and AVP which belong to the same posterior pituitary hormone family, are secreted into the blood stream from axons terminals or into the brain from dendrites of hypothalamic neurons (Bondy et al., 1989; Caldwell et al., 2008; Hatton, 1996; Ludwig and Leng, 2006; Widmer et al., 2003), under modulation of a special set of Ca2+-sensors or synaptogmins (Iezzi et al., 2005; Südhof, 2004; Xu et al., 2007a). These peptides regulate the function of peripheral target organs, such as uterine contraction, lactation, penile erection, and urine concentration (Melis et al., 2007; Bernal et al., 2007; Catheline et al., 2006; Febo et al., 2005). Thus OT is involved in supporting uterine contractions throughout labor, newborn brain neuroprotection and ejection of milk during lactation (Gimpl and Fahrenholz, 2001; Tyzio et al., 2006; Wang and Hatton, 2007b).
Changes in the content of GFAP in the rat brain during pregnancy and the beginning of lactation
2010, Neuroscience LettersThe cell biology of oxytocin and vasopressin cells
2010, Hormones, Brain and Behavior Online