Short communicationNeuromuscular effects of venoms and crotoxin-like proteins from Crotalus durissus ruruima and Crotalus durissus cumanensis
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Ethical standards
Animal handling and experiments were in accordance with the National Research Council (NRC) Guide and the necessary permission has been obtained from the local ethics committee (058/06-CEEA).
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Cited by (16)
Biological and proteomic characterization of the venom from Peruvian Andes rattlesnake Crotalus durissus
2022, ToxiconCitation Excerpt :These toxins concentration vary among Crotalic venoms. It has been documented in C. durissus venom proteomic studies that crotoxin accounts for 70–90% (Francischetti et al., 2000; Saravia et al., 2002; Luís et al., 2015; Calvete et al., 2010a; Boldrini-frança et al., 2010) and crotamine constitutes from 2 to 22% of the found protein venom content (Calvete et al., 2010a; Schenberg, 1959; Oguiura et al., 2009; Lourenço et al., 2013). Snake venom composition can be influenced by several factors including geographical origin, feeding habits, sex and age of the snake, generating inter and intraspecific variations (Barlow et al., 2009; Chippaux et al., 1991).
Revisiting the potential of South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus toxins as therapeutic, theranostic and/or biotechnological agents
2022, ToxiconCitation Excerpt :The venom of Crotalus snakes contains enzymes that are responsible for the main symptoms of the envenomation by these rattlesnakes, and many of these deleterious effects have been linked to the actions of metallo- and serine-protease, such as crotoxin, but the participation of other proteolytic enzymes with hemostatic properties, including phosphodiesterases, hyaluronidases, L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), and non-enzyme neurotoxins, such as crotamine, among other toxins, are also recognized (Hernández et al., 2007; Suntravat et al., 2013). For instance, the South American C. d. vegrandis venom is neurotoxic and contains several isomers of crotoxin (Kaiser and Aird 1987; Aird et al., 1989), while the venom of the South American C. d. cumanensis is composed by crotamine, gyroxin, convulxin and crotoxin, among other toxins, and is also commonly recognized as neurotoxic (Aguilar et al., 2007; Cavalcante et al., 2015). In general, these toxins have also been associated with local tissue damage and necrosis, although they are observed mainly in the envenomation by the North American Crotalus snakes, while in South America, these localized effects are more limited to very few snakes only (Sánchez and Rodríguez-Acosta, 2016).
Varespladib (LY315920) prevents neuromuscular blockage and myotoxicity induced by crotoxin on mouse neuromuscular preparations
2021, ToxiconCitation Excerpt :The CTX neurotoxicity results from the summation of a remarkable presynaptic action, which reduces the acetylcholine release from motor nerve terminals (Brazil and Excell, 1971; Chang and Lee, 1977; Hawgood and Smith, 1977; Hawgood and Santana de Sá, 1979; Cavalcante et al., 2017; Bickler, 2020), with a minor postsynaptic action that causes desensitization of the nicotinic receptor (Vital Brazil, 1966; Bon et al., 1979). Moreover, the myotoxicity of CTX is not the preponderant effect, but it is related to the damage of muscle fibers, and it could contribute to paralysis (Hawgood and Smith, 1977; Gopalakrishnakone and Hawgood, 1984; Mebs and Ownby, 1990; Oshima-Franco et al., 1999; Melo et al., 2004; Cavalcante et al., 2015). The low toxicity of CB is related to the absence of CA, a subunit that acts as a chaperone preventing the binding of CB to non-specific sites (Habermann and Breithaupt, 1978; Jeng et al., 1978; Bon et al., 1979; Délot and Bon, 1993), requiring higher concentrations to produce CTX similar effects (Hawgood and Santana de Sá, 1979; Cavalcante et al., 2017).
Envenoming by the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus ruruima in the state of roraima, Brazil
2020, Toxicon: XCitation Excerpt :The caseinolytic activity of the yellow venom of C. d. ruruima is three-fold higher than the white venom of C. d. terrificus or C. d. ruruima. On the other hand, Cavalcante and Ponce-Soto (2015) showed that the venom of C. d. ruruima and C. d. . cumanensis displays neurotoxic activity due to crotoxin activity, and crotoxin from C. d. cumanensis was more potent than that from C. d. ruruima venom.
Immunoprotection against lethal effects of Crotalus durissus snake venom elicited by synthetic epitopes trapped in liposomes
2020, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules