Behavioral, neuroendocrine and serotonergic consequences of single social defeat and repeated fluoxetine pretreatment in the Lewis rat strain
Section snippets
Experimental procedures
This work consisted of two series of experiments, the first examining various behavioral, neuroendocrine and neurochemical effects of SSD (protocol A), and the second analysing the influence of repeated fluoxetine administration on the aforementioned effects of social defeat (protocol B).
Resident–intruder interactions
All the intruders were defeated by residents (none of them being killed). The mean latency for the first fight was 683±252 s, the mean number of bites received was 4.16±0.74 and the mean number of submissive postures was 2.83±0.54.
Effects of a single social defeat on behavioral reactivity
Body weight growth and food intake were found to vary between experimental groups (F2,39=19.35, P<0.001 and F2,29=17.59, P<0.001, respectively). As shown by post hoc tests, these two variables were reduced significantly in defeated animals compared with collectively
Discussion
The present study has defined some behavioral, neuroendocrine and 5-HT-related effects of SSD, and analysed the influence of repeated fluoxetine pretreatment on these effects of SSD. Because genetic factors and stress are etiological determinants of mood disorders;44., 73. we used Lewis rats, i.e. anxious rats11., 76. highly sensitive to repeated social defeat.10 This study is thus unique in that it analysed an integrative set of responses to an ethological stressor in genetically selected
Conclusions
This study first emphasizes the usefulness of SSD in the Lewis rat strain as a promising animal model for the study of the biological determinants of inadaptation to stressors. In particular, the observation that post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with anxiety,83 blunting of the HPA axis93 and is sensitive to fluoxetine administration83 underlines the potential relevance of this animal model. Second, the present data allow us to reject the hypothesis of a change in the binding
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by INSERM, INRA and Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine. We wish to thank Y. Mellerin for taking care of the animals.
References (94)
- et al.
Comparative study in the rat of the actions of different types of stress on the release of 5-HT in raphe nuclei and forebrain areas
Neuropharmacology
(1997) - et al.
Social stess by repeated defeat: effect on social behavior and emotionality
Behav. Brain Res.
(1994) - et al.
Effect of repeated experience of victory and defeat in daily agonistic confrontations on brain tryptophan hydroxylase activity
Fedn Eur. biochem. Socs Lett.
(1997) - et al.
Handling history of rats modifies behavioural effects of drugs in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety
Eur. J. Pharmac.
(1993) - et al.
Comparative analysis of anxiety-like behavior in partition and plus-maze tests after agonistic interactions in mice
Physiol. Behav.
(1997) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein–dye binding
Analyt. Biochem.
(1976)- et al.
The effect of chronic imipramine administration on the densities of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors and the abundance of 5-HT receptor and transporter mRNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of three strains of rat
Brain Res.
(1994) - et al.
Physiological and behavioral effects of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat
Psychoneuroendocrinology
(1997) - et al.
Effects of short- and long-term administration of fluoxetine on the monoamine content of rat brain
Neuropharmacology
(1992) Physiopharmacological interactions between stress hormones and central serotonergic systems
Brain Res. Rev.
(1993)
Ganglionic transmission is a prerequisite for the adrenaline-releasing and hyperglycemic effects of 8-OH-DPAT
Eur. J. Pharmac.
Corticosterone's dual metabolic actions
Life Sci.
8-OH-DPAT-induced hyperphagia: its neural basis and possible therapeutic relevance
Appetite
Social interaction and elevated plus-maze tests: changes in release and uptake of 5-HT and GABA
Neuropharmacology
Modulation of binding sites for corticotropin-releasing hormones by chronic psychosocial stress
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Psychosocial stress in tree shrews: clomipramine counteracts behavioral and endocrine changes
Pharmac. Biochem. Behav.
Serotonin receptors involved in the regulation of pituitary-adrenocortical function in rats
Behav. Brain Res.
The influence of fluoxetine on aggressive behavior
Neuropsychopharmacology
Role of 5-HT in stress, anxiety, and depression
Pharmac. Biochem. Behav.
5-HT interacting drugs in animal models of anxiety disorders: more than 30 years of research
Pharmac. Ther.
Biochemical evidence for the 5-HT agonist properties of PAT (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin) in the rat brain
Eur. J. Pharmac.
Stress induced disorganisation of circadian and ultradian rhythms: comparison of effects of surgery and social stress
Physiol. Behav.
Corticotropin releasing factor antagonist reduces emotionality in socially defeated rats via direct neurotropic action
Brain Res.
Evidence for a role of 5-HT1C receptors in the antiserotonergic properties of some antidepressant drugs
Eur. J. Pharmac.
The effects of different stressors on extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Brain Res.
Socially defeated male rats display a blunted adrenocortical response to a low dose of 8-OH-DPAT
Eur. J. Pharmac.
Regional brain expression of serotonin transporter mRNA and its regulation by reuptake inhibiting antidepressants
Molec. Brain Res.
Chronic infusion of a CRH1 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into the central nucleus of the amygdala reduces anxiety-related behavior in socially defeated rats
Regul. Pept.
Serotonin receptor binding in a colony model of chronic social stress
Biol. Psychiat.
Changes in daily rhythms of body temperature and activity after a single social defeat in rats
Physiol. Behav.
Long-term changes in open field behaviour following a single social defeat in rats can be reversed by sleep deprivation
Physiol. Behav.
Social stress induces high intensity sleep in rats
Neurosci. Lett.
Acute noise stress reduces [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in rat brain synaptosomes: protective effects of buspirone and tianeptine
Eur. J. Pharmac.
Rapid increase in brain benzodiazepine receptor binding following defeat stress in mice
Brain Res.
The serotonergic and noradrenergic systems of the hippocampus: their interactions and the effects of antidepressant treatments
Brain Res. Rev.
Multiple neuroendocrine responses to chronic social stress: interaction between individual characteristics and situational factors
Physiol. Behav.
Behavioral despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments
Eur. J. Pharmac.
A multiple test study of anxiety-related behaviors in six inbred rat strains
Behav. Brain Res.
A microdialysis examination of serotonin release in the rat forebrain induced by behavioral/environmental manipulations
Brain Res.
Lack of effect of antidepressant drugs on the levels of mRNAs encoding serotonergic receptors, synthetic enzymes and 5-HT transporter
Neuropharmacology
Characterization of stress-induced long-term behavioural changes in rats: evidence in favor of anxiety
Physiol. Behav.
Spontaneous activity of dorsal raphe neurons during defensive and offensive encounters in the tree-shrew
Physiol. Behav.
Lack of response of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of freely moving cats to stressful stimuli
Expl Neurol.
Prozac (fluoxetine, Lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: twenty years since its first publication
Life Sci.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder
Biol. Psychiat.
Chronic social stress alters levels of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin mRNA in rat brain
J. Neurosci.
Depression: the predisposing influence of stress
Behav. Brain Sci.
Cited by (113)
Validity of mental and physical stress models
2024, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsChallenges in the use of animal models and perspectives for a translational view of stress and psychopathologies
2022, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsPeer victimization and associated alcohol and substance use: Prospective pathways for negative outcomes
2022, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :For a detailed review, see Kliewer et al. (2019). Findings from rodent models with the ability to control for confounding factors support the idea that peer victimization (mimicked via social defeat paradigms) can alter HPA axis function (Berton et al., 1999; Perez-Tejada et al., 2013). Critically, neuroendocrine disruption has also been consistently associated with alcohol/substance use and A/SUDs. (
Chronic intranasal oxytocin reverses stress-induced social avoidance in female prairie voles
2021, NeuropharmacologyReverse translation of major depressive disorder symptoms: A framework for the behavioural phenotyping of putative biomarkers
2020, Journal of Affective Disorders