Elsevier

Kidney International

Volume 38, Issue 1, July 1990, Pages 136-144
Kidney International

Clinical Investigation
Renal, metabolic and hormonal responses to ingestion of animal and vegetable proteins

https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1990.178Get rights and content
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Renal, metabolic and hormonal responses to ingestion of animal and vegetable proteins. Renal and hormonal responses were studied in a group of healthy individuals fed, in random order, for three weeks, a vegetable protein diet (N = 10), an animal protein diet (N = 10), or an animal protein diet supplemented with fiber (N = 7), all containing the same amount of total protein (chronic study). In seven additional subjects the acute renal, metabolic and hormonal response to ingestion of a meat or soya load of equivalent total protein content was investigated (acute study). In the chronic study GFR, RPF and fractional clearance of albumin and IgG were significantly higher on the animal than the vegetable protein diets (GFR: 121 ± 4 vs. 111 ± 4 ml/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001; RPF: 634 ± 29 vs. 559 ± 26 ml/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001; θalb: 19.5 ± 3.1 vs. 10.2 ± 1.6 × 10-7, P < 0.01; θIgG: 11.6 ± 3.1 vs. 7.5 ± 1.7 × 10-7, P < 0.05). Renal vascular resistance was lower on the animal than vegetable protein diet (82 ± 5 vs. 97 ± 5 mmHg/min/liter; P < 0.001). Fiber supplementation to APD did not have any effect on the renal variables measured which were indistinguishable from APD. In the acute study, GFR and RPF both rose significantly by ∼16% (P < 0.005) and ∼14% (P < 0.05), respectively, after the meat load, while RVR fell by ∼12% (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in these parameters following the soya load. Plasma glucagon showed a greater rise following the meat load (by ∼65%) than after the soya load (∼39%). The incremental glucagon area was significantly greater after meat than after soya (129 ± 17 vs. 70 ± 18 pg · hr · ml-1, P < 0.001). Prostaglandin 6-keto-PGF rose significantly following the meat load (baseline 3.7 ± 1.9, afterload 5.4 ± 1.7 ng/ml, P < 0.05) but did not change after the soya challenge (baseline 4.2 ± 1.0, afterload 3.4 ± 1,6 pg/ml, NS). No differences were found in plasma amino acid levels following the two protein loads. Thus, independently of quantity of protein, vegetable protein has significantly different renal effects from animal protein in normal humans which could be partly explained by differences in glucagon and renal vasodilatory prostaglandin secretion.

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