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SYBR Green-based quantitation of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 proviral load in Peruvian patients with neurological disease and asymptomatic carriers: Influence of clinical status, sex, and familial relatedness

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Abstract

To evaluate the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral DNA load in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, a SYBR Green-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed. HTLV-1 proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was quantified using primers targeting the pX region and the HTLV-1 copy number normalized to the amount of ERV-3 (Endogenous Retrovirus 3) cellular DNA. Thirty-three asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (ACs) and 39 patients with HAM/TSP were enrolled. Some participants were relatives of HAM/TSP cases (16 ACs and 7 patients with HAM/TSP). On multiple linear regression analysis, the authors found a significant association between clinical status and HTLV-1 proviral load (P < .01), but only among women. ACs showed a median proviral load of 561 copies per 104 PBMCs (interquartile range: 251–1623). In HAM/TSP patients, the median proviral load was 1783 (1385–2914). ACs related to HAM/TSP patients presented a relatively high proviral load (median 1152); however, the association between relatedness to a HAM/TSP patient and proviral load was not significant (P = .1). In HAM/TSP patients, no association was found between proviral load and disease duration, progression or severity. The fact that the effect of HAM/TSP upon the HTLV-1 proviral load differed between sexes and the finding of a high proviral load among asymptomatic relatives of HAM/TSP patients suggest that not yet identified genetic or environmental factors influence the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Avenida Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru

    Vanessa Adaui, Kristien Verdonck, Iván Best, Elsa González, Martín Tipismana & Jorge Arévalo

  2. HIV and Retrovirology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

    Kristien Verdonck & Guido Vanham

  3. Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

    Jorge Arévalo, Miguel Campos, Mirko Zimic & Eduardo Gotuzzo

  4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium

    Guido Vanham

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  1. Vanessa Adaui
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  2. Kristien Verdonck
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  3. Iván Best
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  4. Elsa González
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  10. Eduardo Gotuzzo
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Correspondence to Vanessa Adaui.

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This work was supported by the Directorate-General for Development Cooperation (DGDC) of the Belgian Government (framework agreement 02, project 95501) and by a specific “Own Initiative on HTLV-1 in Peru,” sponsored by the Flemish Interuniversity Council (VLIR).

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Adaui, V., Verdonck, K., Best, I. et al. SYBR Green-based quantitation of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 proviral load in Peruvian patients with neurological disease and asymptomatic carriers: Influence of clinical status, sex, and familial relatedness. Journal of NeuroVirology 12, 456–465 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1080/13550280601039634

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