First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform

B. Abi; A. Abed Abud; R. Acciarri; M.A. Acero; G. Adamov; M. Adamowski; D. Adams; P. Adrien; M. Adinolfi; Z. Ahmad; J. Ahmed; T. Alion; S. Alonso Monsalve; C. Alt; J. Anderson; C. Andreopoulos; M.P. Andrews; F. Andrianala; S. Andringa; A. Ankowski; M. Antonova; S. Antusch; A. Aranda-Fernandez; A. Ariga; L.O. Arnold; M.A. Arroyave; J. Asaadi; A. Aurisano; V. Aushev; D. Autiero; F. Azfar; H. Back; J.J. Back; C. Backhouse; P. Baesso; L. Bagby; R. Bajou; S. Balasubramanian; P. Baldi; B. Bambah; F. Barao; G. Barenboim; G.J. Barker; W. Barkhouse; C. Barnes; G. Barr; J. Barranco Monarca; N. Barros; J.L. Barrow; A. Bashyal; V. Basque; F. Bay; J.L. Bazo Alba; J.F. Beacom; E. Bechetoille; B. Behera; L. Bellantoni; G. Bellettini; V. Bellini; O. Beltramello; D. Belver; N. Benekos; F. Bento Neves; J. Berger; S. Berkman; P. Bernardini; R.M. Berner; H. Berns; S. Bertolucci; M. Betancourt; Y. Bezawada; M. Bhattacharjee; B. Bhuyan; S. Biagi; J. Bian; M. Biassoni; K. Biery; B. Bilki; M. Bishai; A. Bitadze; A. Blake; B. Blanco Siffert; F.D. M. Blaszczyk; G.C. Blazey; E. Blucher; J. Boissevain; S. Bolognesi; T. Bolton; M. Bonesini; M. Bongrand; F. Bonini; A. Booth; C. Booth; S. Bordoni; A. Borkum; T. Boschi; N. Bostan; P. Bour; S.B. Boyd; D. Boyden; J. Bracinik; D. Braga; D. Brailsford; A. Brandt; J. Bremer; C. Brew; E. Brianne; S.J. Brice; C. Brizzolari; C. Bromberg; G. Brooijmans; J. Brooke; A. Bross; G. Brunetti; N. Buchanan; H. Budd; D. Caiulo; P. Calafiura; J. Calcutt; M. Calin; S. Calvez; E. Calvo; L. Camilleri; A. Caminata; M. Campanelli; D. Caratelli; G. Carini; B. Carlus; P. Carniti; I. Caro Terrazas; H. Carranza; A. Castillo; C. Castromonte; C. Cattadori; F. Cavalier; F. Cavanna; S. Centro; G. Cerati; A. Cervelli; A. Cervera Villanueva; M. Chalifour; C. Chang; E. Chardonnet; N. Charitonidis; A. Chatterjee; S. Chattopadhyay; P. Chatzidaki; J. Chaves; H. Chen; M. Chen; Y. Chen; D. Cherdack; C. Chi; S. Childress; A. Chiriacescu; K. Cho; S. Choubey; A. Christensen; D. Christian; G. Christodoulou; E. Church; P. Clarke; T.E. Coan; A.G. Cocco; J.A. B. Coelho; E. Conley; J.M. Conrad; M. Convery; L. Corwin; P. Cotte; L. Cremaldi; L. Cremonesi; J.I. Crespo-Anadón; E. Cristaldo; R. Cross; C. Cuesta; Y. Cui; D. Cussans; M. Dabrowski; H. da Motta; L. Da Silva Peres; C. David; Q. David; G.S. Davies; S. Davini; J. Dawson; K. De; R.M. De Almeida; P. Debbins; I. De Bonis; M.P. Decowski; A. de Gouvêa; P.C. De Holanda; I.L. De Icaza Astiz; A. Deisting; P. De Jong; A. Delbart; D. Delepine; M. Delgado; A. Dell'Acqua; P. De Lurgio; J.R. T. de Mello Neto; D.M. DeMuth; S. Dennis; C. Densham; G. Deptuch; A. De Roeck; V. De Romeri; J.J. De Vries; R. Dharmapalan; M. Dias; F. Diaz; J.S. Díaz; S. Di Domizio; L. Di Giulio; P. Ding; L. Di Noto; C. Distefano; R. Diurba; M. Diwan; Z. Djurcic; N. Dokania; M.J. Dolinski; L. Domine; D. Douglas; F. Drielsma; D. Duchesneau; K. Duffy; P. Dunne; T. Durkin; H. Duyang; O. Dvornikov; D.A. Dwyer; A.S. Dyshkant; M. Eads; D. Edmunds; J. Eisch; S. Emery; A. Ereditato; C.O. Escobar; L. Escudero Sanchez; J.J. Evans; E. Ewart; A.C. Ezeribe; C. Fabre; K. Fahey; A. Falcone; C. Farnese; Y. Farzan; J. Felix; E. Fernandez-Martinez; P. Fernandez Menendez; F. Ferraro; L. Fields; A. Filkins; F. Filthaut; R.S. Fitzpatrick; W. Flanagan; B. Fleming; R. Flight; J. Fowler; W. Fox; J. Franc; K. Francis; D. Franco; J. Freeman; J. Freestone; J. Fried; A. Friedland; S. Fuess; I. Furic; A.P. Furmanski; A. Gago; H. Gallagher; A. Gallego-Ros; N. Gallice; V. Galymov; E. Gamberini; T. Gamble; R. Gandhi; R. Gandrajula; S. Gao; D. Garcia-Gamez; M. Á. García-Peris; S. Gardiner; D. Gastler; G. Ge; B. Gelli; A. Gendotti; S. Gent; Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam; D. Gibin; I. Gil-Botella; C. Girerd; A.K. Giri; D. Gnani; O. Gogota; M. Gold; S. Gollapinni; K. Gollwitzer; R.A. Gomes; L.V. Gomez Bermeo; L.S. Gomez Fajardo; F. Gonnella; J.A. Gonzalez-Cuevas; M.C. Goodman; O. Goodwin; S. Goswami; C. Gotti; E. Goudzovski; C. Grace; M. Graham; E. Gramellini; R. Gran; E. Granados; A. Grant; C. Grant; D. Gratieri; P. Green; S. Green; L. Greenler; M. Greenwood; J. Greer; W.C. Griffith; M. Groh; J. Grudzinski; K. Grzelak; W. Gu; V. Guarino; R. Guenette; A. Guglielmi; B. Guo; K.K. Guthikonda; R. Gutierrez; P. Guzowski; M.M. Guzzo; S. Gwon; K. Haaf; A. Habig; A. Hackenburg; H. Hadavand; R. Haenni; A. Hahn; J. Haigh; J. Haiston; T. Hamernik; P. Hamilton; J. Han; K. Harder; D.A. Harris; J. Hartnell; T. Hasegawa; R. Hatcher; E. Hazen; A. Heavey; K.M. Heeger; J. Heise; K. Hennessy; S. Henry; M.A. Hernandez Morquecho; K. Herner; L. Hertel; A.S. Hesam; J. Hewes; A. Higuera; T. Hill; S.J. Hillier; A. Himmel; J. Hoff; C. Hohl; A. Holin; E. Hoppe; G.A. Horton-Smith; M. Hostert; A. Hourlier; B. Howard; R. Howell; J. Hrivnak; J. Huang; J. Huang; J. Hugon; G. Iles; N. Ilic; A.M. Iliescu; R. Illingworth; A. Ioannisian; R. Itay; A. Izmaylov; E. James; B. Jargowsky; F. Jediny; C. Jesùs-Valls; X. Ji; L. Jiang; S. Jiménez; A. Jipa; A. Joglekar; C. Johnson; R. Johnson; B. Jones; S. Jones; C.K. Jung; T. Junk; Y. Jwa; M. Kabirnezhad; A. Kaboth; I. Kadenko; F. Kamiya; G. Karagiorgi; A. Karcher; M. Karolak; Y. Karyotakis; S. Kasai; S.P. Kasetti; L. Kashur; N. Kazaryan; E. Kearns; P. Keener; K.J. Kelly; E. Kemp; C. Kendziora; W. Ketchum; S.H. Kettell; M. Khabibullin; A. Khotjantsev; A. Khvedelidze; D. Kim; B. King; B. Kirby; M. Kirby; J. Klein; K. Koehler; L.W. Koerner; S. Kohn; P.P. Koller; M. Kordosky; T. Kosc; U. Kose; V.A. Kostelecký; K. Kothekar; F. Krennrich; I. Kreslo; Y. Kudenko; V.A. Kudryavtsev; S. Kulagin; J. Kumar; R. Kumar; C. Kuruppu; V. Kus; T. Kutter; B. Lacarelle; A. Lambert; K. Lande; C.E. Lane; K. Lang; T. Langford; P. Lasorak; D. Last; C. Lastoria; A. Laundrie; A. Lawrence; I. Lazanu; R. LaZur; T. Le; J. Learned; P. LeBrun; G. Lehmann Miotto; R. Lehnert; M.A. Leigui de Oliveira; M. Leitner; M. Leyton; L. Li; S. Li; S.W. Li; T. Li; Y. Li; H. Liao; C.S. Lin; S. Lin; A. Lister; B.R. Littlejohn; J. Liu; T. Liu; S. Lockwitz; T. Loew; M. Lokajicek; I. Lomidze; K. Long; K. Loo; D. Lorca; T. Lord; J.M. LoSecco; W.C. Louis; K.B. Luk; X. Luo; N. Lurkin; T. Lux; V.P. Luzio; D. MacFarland; A.A. Machado; P. Machado; C.T. Macias; J.R. Macier; A. Maddalena; P. Madigan; S. Magill; K. Mahn; A. Maio; J.A. Maloney; G. Mandrioli; J. Maneira; L. Manenti; S. Manly; A. Mann; K. Manolopoulos; M. Manrique Plata; A. Marchionni; W. Marciano; D. Marfatia; C. Mariani; J. Maricic; F. Marinho; A.D. Marino; M. Marshak; C. Marshall; J. Marshall; J. Marteau; J. Martin-Albo; N. Martinez; D.A. Martinez Caicedo; S. Martynenko; K. Mason; A. Mastbaum; M. Masud; S. Matsuno; J. Matthews; C. Mauger; N. Mauri; K. Mavrokoridis; R. Mazza; A. Mazzacane; E. Mazzucato; E. McCluskey; N. McConkey; K.S. McFarland; C. McGrew; A. McNab; A. Mefodiev; P. Mehta; P. Melas; M. Mellinato; O. Mena; S. Menary; H. Mendez; A. Menegolli; G. Meng; M.D. Messier; W. Metcalf; M. Mewes; H. Meyer; T. Miao; G. Michna; T. Miedema; J. Migenda; R. Milincic; W. Miller; J. Mills; C. Milne; O. Mineev; O.G. Miranda; S. Miryala; C.S. Mishra; S.R. Mishra; A. Mislivec; D. Mladenov; I. Mocioiu; K. Moffat; N. Moggi; R. Mohanta; T.A. Mohayai; N. Mokhov; J. Molina; L. Molina Bueno; A. Montanari; C. Montanari; D. Montanari; L.M. Montano Zetina; J. Moon; M. Mooney; A. Moor; D. Moreno; B. Morgan; C. Morris; C. Mossey; E. Motuk; C.A. Moura; J. Mousseau; W. Mu; L. Mualem; J. Mueller; M. Muether; S. Mufson; F. Muheim; A. Muir; M. Mulhearn; H. Muramatsu; S. Murphy; J. Musser; J. Nachtman; S. Nagu; M. Nalbandyan; R. Nandakumar; D. Naples; S. Narita; D. Navas-Nicolás; N. Nayak; M. Nebot-Guinot; L. Necib; K. Negishi; J.K. Nelson; J. Nesbit; M. Nessi; D. Newbold; M. Newcomer; D. Newhart; R. Nichol; E. Niner; K. Nishimura; A. Norman; A. Norrick; R. Northrop; P. Novella; J.A. Nowak; M. Oberling; A. Olivares Del Campo; A. Olivier; Y. Onel; Y. Onishchuk; J. Ott; L. Pagani; S. Pakvasa; O. Palamara; S. Palestini; J.M. Paley; M. Pallavicini; C. Palomares; E. Pantic; V. 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Real; B. Rebel; D. Redondo; M. Reggiani-Guzzo; T. Rehak; J. Reichenbacher; S.D. Reitzner; A. Renshaw; S. Rescia; F. Resnati; A. Reynolds; G. Riccobene; L.C. J. Rice; K. Rielage; A. Rigamonti; Y. Rigaut; D. Rivera; L. Rochester; M. Roda; P. Rodrigues; M.J. Rodriguez Alonso; J. Rodriguez Rondon; A.J. Roeth; H. Rogers; S. Rosauro-Alcaraz; M. Rosenthal; M. Rossella; J. Rout; S. Roy; A. Rubbia; C. Rubbia; B. Russell; J. Russell; D. Ruterbories; R. Saakyan; S. Sacerdoti; T. Safford; N. Sahu; P. Sala; G. Salukvadze; N. Samios; M.C. Sanchez; D.A. Sanders; D. Sankey; S. Santana; M. Santos-Maldonado; N. Saoulidou; P. Sapienza; C. Sarasty; I. Sarcevic; G. Savage; V. Savinov; A. Scaramelli; A. Scarff; A. Scarpelli; H. Schellman; P. Schlabach; D. Schmitz; K. Scholberg; A. Schukraft; E. Segreto; E. Seltskaya; J. Sensenig; I. Seong; A. Sergi; F. Sergiampietri; D. Sgalaberna; M.H. Shaevitz; S. Shafaq; M. Shamma; H.R. Sharma; R. Sharma; T. Shaw; C. Shepherd-Themistocleous; S. Shin; D. Shooltz; R. 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doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/12/P12004

Journal of Instrumentation

The following article is Open access

First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform

B. Abi¹⁴², A. Abed Abud^21,118, R. Acciarri⁶¹, M.A. Acero⁸, G. Adamov⁶⁵, M. Adamowski⁶¹, D. Adams¹⁷, P. Adrien²¹, M. Adinolfi¹⁶, Z. Ahmad¹⁸², J. Ahmed¹⁸⁵, T. Alion¹⁷¹, S. Alonso Monsalve²¹, C. Alt⁵³, J. Anderson⁴, C. Andreopoulos^118,159, M.P. Andrews⁶¹, F. Andrianala², S. Andringa¹¹⁴, A. Ankowski¹⁶⁰, M. Antonova⁷⁷, S. Antusch¹⁰, A. Aranda-Fernandez³⁹, A. Ariga¹¹, L.O. Arnold⁴², M.A. Arroyave⁵², J. Asaadi¹⁷⁵, A. Aurisano³⁷, V. Aushev¹¹³, D. Autiero⁹⁰, F. Azfar¹⁴², H. Back¹⁴³, J.J. Back¹⁸⁵, C. Backhouse¹⁸⁰, P. Baesso¹⁶, L. Bagby⁶¹, R. Bajou¹⁴⁵, S. Balasubramanian¹⁸⁹, P. Baldi²⁶, B. Bambah⁷⁵, F. Barao^92,114, G. Barenboim⁷⁷, G.J. Barker¹⁸⁵, W. Barkhouse¹³⁶, C. Barnes¹²⁵, G. Barr¹⁴², J. Barranco Monarca⁷⁰, N. Barros^55,114, J.L. Barrow^61,173, A. Bashyal¹⁴¹, V. Basque¹²³, F. Bay¹³⁵, J.L. Bazo Alba¹⁵², J.F. Beacom¹⁴⁰, E. Bechetoille⁹⁰, B. Behera⁴¹, L. Bellantoni⁶¹, G. Bellettini¹⁵⁰, V. Bellini^33,80, O. Beltramello²¹, D. Belver²², N. Benekos²¹, F. Bento Neves¹¹⁴, J. Berger¹⁵¹, S. Berkman⁶¹, P. Bernardini^82,162, R.M. Berner¹¹, H. Berns²⁵, S. Bertolucci^14,79, M. Betancourt⁶¹, Y. Bezawada²⁵, M. Bhattacharjee⁹⁶, B. Bhuyan⁹⁶, S. Biagi⁸⁸, J. Bian²⁶, M. Biassoni⁸³, K. Biery⁶¹, B. Bilki^12,100, M. Bishai¹⁷, A. Bitadze¹²³, A. Blake¹¹⁶, B. Blanco Siffert⁶⁰, F.D. M. Blaszczyk⁶¹, G.C. Blazey¹³⁷, E. Blucher³⁵, J. Boissevain¹¹⁹, S. Bolognesi²⁰, T. Bolton¹¹⁰, M. Bonesini^83,127, M. Bongrand¹¹⁵, F. Bonini¹⁷, A. Booth¹⁷¹, C. Booth¹⁶⁴, S. Bordoni²¹, A. Borkum¹⁷¹, T. Boschi⁵¹, N. Bostan¹⁰⁰, P. Bour⁴⁴, S.B. Boyd¹⁸⁵, D. Boyden¹³⁷, J. Bracinik¹³, D. Braga⁶¹, D. Brailsford¹¹⁶, A. Brandt¹⁷⁵, J. Bremer²¹, C. Brew¹⁵⁹, E. Brianne¹²³, S.J. Brice⁶¹, C. Brizzolari^83,127, C. Bromberg¹²⁶, G. Brooijmans⁴², J. Brooke¹⁶, A. Bross⁶¹, G. Brunetti⁸⁶, N. Buchanan⁴¹, H. Budd¹⁵⁶, D. Caiulo⁹⁰, P. Calafiura¹¹⁷, J. Calcutt¹²⁶, M. Calin¹⁸, S. Calvez⁴¹, E. Calvo²², L. Camilleri⁴², A. Caminata⁸¹, M. Campanelli¹⁸⁰, D. Caratelli⁶¹, G. Carini¹⁷, B. Carlus⁹⁰, P. Carniti⁸³, I. Caro Terrazas⁴¹, H. Carranza¹⁷⁵, A. Castillo¹⁶³, C. Castromonte⁹⁹, C. Cattadori⁸³, F. Cavalier¹¹⁵, F. Cavanna⁶¹, S. Centro¹⁴⁴, G. Cerati⁶¹, A. Cervelli⁷⁹, A. Cervera Villanueva⁷⁷, M. Chalifour²¹, C. Chang²⁸, E. Chardonnet¹⁴⁵, N. Charitonidis²¹, A. Chatterjee¹⁵¹, S. Chattopadhyay¹⁸², P. Chatzidaki²¹, J. Chaves¹⁴⁷, H. Chen¹⁷, M. Chen²⁶, Y. Chen¹¹, D. Cherdack⁷⁴, C. Chi⁴², S. Childress⁶¹, A. Chiriacescu¹⁸, K. Cho¹⁰⁸, S. Choubey⁷¹, A. Christensen⁴¹, D. Christian⁶¹, G. Christodoulou²¹, E. Church¹⁴³, P. Clarke⁵⁴, T.E. Coan¹⁶⁸, A.G. Cocco⁸⁵, J.A. B. Coelho¹¹⁵, E. Conley⁵⁰, J.M. Conrad¹²⁴, M. Convery¹⁶⁰, L. Corwin¹⁶⁵, P. Cotte²⁰, L. Cremaldi¹³¹, L. Cremonesi¹⁸⁰, J.I. Crespo-Anadón²², E. Cristaldo⁶, R. Cross¹¹⁶, C. Cuesta²², Y. Cui²⁸, D. Cussans¹⁶, M. Dabrowski¹⁷, H. da Motta¹⁹, L. Da Silva Peres⁶⁰, C. David^61,191, Q. David⁹⁰, G.S. Davies¹³¹, S. Davini⁸¹, J. Dawson¹⁴⁵, K. De¹⁷⁵, R.M. De Almeida⁶³, P. Debbins¹⁰⁰, I. De Bonis⁴⁷, M.P. Decowski^1,135, A. de Gouvêa¹³⁸, P.C. De Holanda³², I.L. De Icaza Astiz¹⁷¹, A. 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Waldron⁹⁵, M. Wallbank³⁷, H. Wang²⁷, J. Wang²⁵, Y. Wang²⁷, Y. Wang¹⁶⁹, K. Warburton¹⁰¹, D. Warner⁴¹, M. Wascko⁹⁵, D. Waters¹⁸⁰, A. Watson¹³, P. Weatherly⁴⁹, A. Weber^142,159, M. Weber¹¹, H. Wei¹⁷, A. Weinstein¹⁰¹, D. Wenman¹⁸⁸, M. Wetstein¹⁰¹, M.R. While¹⁶⁵, A. White¹⁷⁵, L.H. Whitehead³¹, D. Whittington¹⁷², M.J. Wilking¹⁶⁹, C. Wilkinson¹¹, Z. Williams¹⁷⁵, F. Wilson¹⁵⁹, R.J. Wilson⁴¹, J. Wolcott¹⁷⁸, T. Wongjirad¹⁷⁸, K. Wood¹⁶⁹, L. Wood¹⁴³, E. Worcester¹⁷, M. Worcester¹⁷, C. Wret¹⁵⁶, W. Wu⁶¹, W. Wu²⁶, Y. Xiao²⁶, G. Yang¹⁶⁹, T. Yang⁶¹, N. Yershov⁸⁹, K. Yonehara⁶¹, T. Young¹³⁶, B. Yu¹⁷, H.W. Yu¹⁷, H.Z. Yu¹⁷⁰, J. Yu¹⁷⁵, Z.Y. Yu⁷⁸, R. Zaki¹⁹¹, J. Zalesak⁴³, L. Zambelli⁴⁷, B. Zamorano⁶⁸, A. Zani^21,84, L. Zazueta¹⁸⁷, G.P. Zeller⁶¹, J. Zennamo⁶¹, K. Zeug¹⁸⁸, C. Zhang¹⁷, M. Zhao¹⁷, E. Zhivun¹⁷, G. Zhu¹⁴⁰, E.D. Zimmerman⁴⁰, M. Zito²⁰, S. Zucchelli^14,79, J. Zuklin⁴³, V. Zutshi¹³⁷ and R. Zwaska⁶¹

Published 3 December 2020 • © 2020 CERN
Journal of Instrumentation, Volume 15, December 2020 Citation B. Abi et al 2020 JINST 15 P12004 DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/15/12/P12004

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¹ University of Amsterdam, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands

² University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar

³ Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia

⁴ Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, U.S.A.

⁵ University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A.

⁶ Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay

⁷ University of Athens, Zografou GR 157 84, Greece

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¹⁵ Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.

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¹⁷ Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, U.S.A.

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²¹ CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland

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²³ Central University of South Bihar, Gaya \textendash 824236, India

²⁴ University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.

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³¹ University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom

³² Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas—SP, 13083-970, Brazil

³³ Università di Catania, 2—95131 Catania, Italy

³⁴ Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic

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³⁶ Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea

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⁴³ Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic

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⁴⁵ Dakota State University, Madison, SD 57042, U.S.A.

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⁴⁷ Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France

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⁶⁰ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro—RJ, 21941-901, Brazil

⁶¹ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, U.S.A.

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⁶⁶ Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy

⁶⁷ Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L'Aquila AQ, Italy

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⁷⁶ Institut de Fìsica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain

⁷⁷ Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain

⁷⁸ Institute of High Energy Physics, 100049 Beijing, China

⁷⁹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna BO, Italy

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⁸⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy

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⁸⁹ Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia

⁹⁰ Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France

⁹¹ Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁹² Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

⁹³ Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, U.S.A.

⁹⁴ Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, U.S.A.

⁹⁵ Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom

⁹⁶ Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, India

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¹³² National Centre for Nuclear Research, A. Soltana 7, 05 400 Otwock, Poland

¹³³ University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.A.

¹³⁴ H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland

¹³⁵ Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands

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¹⁴³ Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, U.S.A.

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¹⁶⁰ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.A.

¹⁶¹ Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD, 57754, U.S.A.

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¹⁶⁵ South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, U.S.A.

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¹⁷⁷ University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada

¹⁷⁸ Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, U.S.A.

¹⁷⁹ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil

¹⁸⁰ University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom

¹⁸¹ Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072, U.S.A.

¹⁸² Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 700 064 West Bengal, India

¹⁸³ Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, U.S.A.

¹⁸⁴ University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland

¹⁸⁵ University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom

¹⁸⁶ Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, U.S.A.

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¹⁸⁸ University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.

¹⁸⁹ Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, U.S.A.

¹⁹⁰ Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan 0036, Armenia

¹⁹¹ York University, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada

Dates

Received 30 July 2020
Accepted 18 October 2020
Published 3 December 2020

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Abstract

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber with an active volume of 7.2× 6.1× 7.0 m³. It is installed at the CERN Neutrino Platform in a specially-constructed beam that delivers charged pions, kaons, protons, muons and electrons with momenta in the range 0.3 GeV/c to 7 GeV/c. Beam line instrumentation provides accurate momentum measurements and particle identification. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, and it incorporates full-size components as designed for that module. This paper describes the beam line, the time projection chamber, the photon detectors, the cosmic-ray tagger, the signal processing and particle reconstruction. It presents the first results on ProtoDUNE-SP's performance, including noise and gain measurements, dE/dx calibration for muons, protons, pions and electrons, drift electron lifetime measurements, and photon detector noise, signal sensitivity and time resolution measurements. The measured values meet or exceed the specifications for the DUNE far detector, in several cases by large margins. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation starting in 2018 and its production of large samples of high-quality data demonstrate the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design.

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First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform

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