Niklas Elmqvist
ABSTRACT
Motion constraints providing guidance for 3D navigation have recently been suggested as a way of offloading some of the cognitive effort of traversing complex 3D environments on a computer. We present findings from an evaluation of the benefits of this practice where users achieved significantly better results in memory recall and performance when given access to such a guidance method. The study was conducted on both standard desktop computers with mouse and keyboard, as well as on an immersive CAVE system. Interestingly, our results also show that the improvements were more dramatic for desktop users than for CAVE users, even outperforming the latter. Furthermore, the study indicates that allowing the users to retain local control over the navigation on the desktop platform helps them in familiarizing themselves with the 3D world.
- Carlos Andujar, Pere-Pau Vazquez, and Marta Fairen. Way-finder: guided tours through complex walkthrough models. In Proceedings of Eurographics, pages 499--508, 2004.Google Scholar
- E. J. Arthur, P. A. Hancock, and S. T. Chrysler. Spatial orientation in real and virtual worlds. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, pages 328--332, 1993.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Pauline Baker and Christopher D. Wickens. Human factors in virtual environments for the visual analysis of scientific data. Technical Report NCSA-TR032, National Center for Supercomputing, August 1995.Google Scholar
- Steffi Beckhaus, Felix Ritter, and Thomas Strothotte. Guided exploration with dynamic potential fields: the CubicalPath system. Computer Graphics Forum, 20(4):201--210, 2001.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Doug A. Bowman, David Koller, and Larry F. Hodges. Travel in immersive virtual environments: An evaluation of viewpoint motion control techniques. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality, pages 45--52, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- William G. Chase. Handbook of Perception and Human Performance, Vol II: Cognitive Processes and Performance, chapter Visual Information Processing. JohnWiley and Sons, 1986.Google Scholar
- Luca Chittaro and Stefano Burigat. 3D location-pointing as a navigation aid in virtual environments. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, pages 267--274, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luca Chittaro, Roberto Ranon, and Lucio Ieronutti. Guiding visitors of Web3D worlds through automatically generated tours. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on 3D Web Technology, pages 27--38, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rudolph P. Darken and Barry Peterson. Spatial orientation, wayfinding, and representation. In Kay M. Stanney, editor, Handbook of Virtual Environment Technology. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001.Google Scholar
- Rudolph P. Darken and John L. Sibert. Wayfinding strategies and behaviors in large virtual worlds. In Proceedings of the ACM CHI'96 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 142--149, 1996. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Niklas Elmqvist, Mihail Eduard Tudoreanu, and Philippas Tsigas. Tour generation for exploration of 3D virtual environments. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pages 207--210, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K. Feiner, and John F. Hughes. Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice. Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1990. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tinsley A. Galyean. Guided navigation of virtual environments. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, pages 103--104, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Andrew J. Hanson and Eric A. Wernert. Constrained 3D navigation with 2D controllers. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visualization, pages 176--182, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lichan Hong, Shigeru Muraki, Arie Kaufman, Dirk Bartz, and Taosong He. Virtual voyage: interactive navigation in the human colon. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference, pages 27--34, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Takeo Igarashi, Rieko Kadobayashi, Kenji Mase, and Hidehiko Tanaka. Path drawing for 3D walkthrough. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pages 173--174, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jock D. Mackinlay, Stuart K. Card, and Robertson Robertson. Rapid controlled movement through a virtual 3D workspace. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference, pages 171--176, 1990. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Randy Pausch, Dennis Proffitt, and George Williams. Quantifying immersion in virtual reality. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference, pages 13--18, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Peruch, J. L. Vercher, and G. M. Gauthier. Acquisition of spatial knowledge through exploration of simulated environments. Ecological Psychology, 7(1):1--20, 1995.Google ScholarCross Ref
- George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, and Stuart K. Card. Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proceedings of the ACM CHI'91 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 189--194, 1991. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Roy A. Ruddle. The effect of trails on first-time and subsequent navigation in a virtual environment. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality, pages 115--122, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jurgen Schulze, Andrew Forsberg, Alexander Kleppe, Robert Zeleznik, and David H. Laidlaw. Characterizing the effect of level of immersion on a 3D marking task. In Proceedings of HCI International, pages 447--452, 2005.Google Scholar
- Deyang Song and Michael Norman. Nonlinear interactive motion control techniques for virtual space navigation. In Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, pages 111--117, 1993.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Desney S. Tan, George G. Robertson, and Mary Czerwinski. Exploring 3D navigation: Combining speedcoupled flying with orbiting. In Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2001 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 418--425, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Edward C. Tolman. Cognitive maps in rats and men. The Psychological Review, 55(4):189--208, July 1948.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Colin Ware and Danny R. Jessome. Using the bat: A sixdimensional mouse for object placement. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 8(6):65--70, 1988. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Colin Ware and Steven Osborne. Exploration and virtual camera control in virtual three dimensional environments. Computer Graphics, 24(2):175--183, 1990. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eric A. Wernert and Andrew J. Hanson. A framework for assisted exploration with collaboration. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visualization, pages 241--248, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bob G. Witmer and Michael J. Singer. Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire. Presence, 7(3):225--240, June 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ji Soo Yoon and Mary Lou Maher. A swarm algorithm for wayfinding in dynamic virtual worlds. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pages 113--116, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Evaluating motion constraints for 3D wayfinding in immersive and desktop virtual environments
Recommendations
Tour generation for exploration of 3D virtual environments
VRST '07: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technologyNavigation in complex and large-scale 3D virtual environments has been shown to be a difficult task, imposing a high cognitive load on the user. In this paper, we present a comprehensive method for assisting users in exploring and understanding such 3D ...
Navigation in 3D virtual environments: Effects of user experience and location-pointing navigation aids
In this paper, we describe the results of an experimental study whose objective was twofold: (1) comparing three navigation aids that help users perform wayfinding tasks in desktop virtual environments (VEs) by pointing out the location of objects or ...
3D location-pointing as a navigation aid in Virtual Environments
AVI '04: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfacesThe navigation support provided by user interfaces of Virtual Environments (VEs) is often inadequate and tends to be overly complex, especially in the case of large-scale VEs. In this paper, we propose a novel navigation aid that aims at allowing users ...
Comments