ABSTRACT

Wireless networks have made life easier as the communication is using the electromagnetic transfer of signals between two or more end nodes without needing any physical medium or electrical conductor. Radio communication is the most popular and common means of a wireless network. The lack of a wired tether is the main difference between a wired network and the wireless network, which is further in turn providing mobility to the end users or end stations of a wireless network. Moreover, the lack of tethered connection and mobility in a wireless network between the communicating devices present unique technical challenges. The mobility factor presented tremendous benefits as well but at the cost of certain drawbacks and technical challenge in terms of maintaining the wireless channel. The wireless signals are prone to the error due to channel noise, and the error probability also changes dynamically due to the dynamic change in the transmission medium and user mobility. For a wireless network broadcast, where multiple stations can use the same medium, listening while speaking is somewhat complicated, and thus, coordinating the medium access control is complicated. At the same time, network management becomes complicated as well due to equipment mobility and change in the network landscape. Battery energy has an important role to play in the wireless network to fulfill the energy expenditure of the user equipment. There has been a need for radio resource management while radio transmission in certain range without interfering with other transmissions, as well as control signaling and related protocols that negotiate the optimal use of network radio resources. Combining all the mentioned concerns of a wireless network, it was very hard to disentangle the responsibilities of different layers, like the medium access control, routing, and resource allocation in wireless networks.