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Assessing hemoglobin concentration using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for feasibility of tissue diagnostics

Francisco E. Robles, Shwetadwip Chowdhury, and Adam Wax

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and oxygen saturation levels are important biomarkers for various diseases, including cancer. Here, we investigate the ability to measure these parameters for tissue using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT). A parallel frequency domain OCT system is used with detection spanning the visible region of the spectrum (450 nm to 700 nm). Oxygenated and deoxygenated Hb absorbing phantoms are analyzed. The results show that Hb concentrations as low as 1.2 g/L at 1 mm can be retrieved indicating that both normal and cancerous tissue measurements may be obtained. However, measurement of oxygen saturation levels may not be achieved with this approach.

©2010 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Parallel frequency domain OCT system and sample. L ≈400 µm is the thickness of the Hb absorbing phantom.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Molar extinction coefficients of oxy-/deoxy- Hb over a large spectral range (a), and across the visible region of the spectrum (b). The dotted black lines in (b) delineate the region where the oxy- and deoxy- Hb coefficients exhibit the greatest dissimilarity (correlation R~0). Data compiled by Prahl [15].

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Oxy-Hb (a) and deoxy-Hb (b) normalized absorption spectra, with Hb concentrations of 50 g/L and 68 g/L, respectively. The solid lines are experimentally measured, and the dotted black lines are the ideal. Oxy-Hb (c) and deoxy-Hb (d) measured and theoretical attenuation coefficients.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Measured hemoglobin concentration for oxy- (a) and deoxy- (b) Hb samples. Error bars represent a standard deviation from the mean of 25 measurements.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) Correlation coefficients between the oxy-Hb data and the oxy-/deoxy- Hb extinction coefficients at varying concentrations. (b) Correlation coefficients between the deoxy-Hb data and the oxy-/deoxy- Hb extinction coefficients at varying concentrations.

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

I ˜ = I r + I s + 2 I s I r cos ( k ⋅ 2 Δ O P L ) ,
I ( λ , L ) = r I 0 exp ( − μ a ( λ ) L ) .
− ln ( I ( λ , L ) I 0 ) = C H b L ε ( λ ) − ln ( r ) .
I ( λ , L ) = r I 0 exp ( − L [ ε H b O 2 ( λ ) C H b O 2 + ε H b ( λ ) C H b ] )
− 1 L ln [ I I 0 ( λ 1 ) I I 0 ( λ 2 ) ⋮ I I 0 ( λ n ) ] = [ ε H b O 2 ( λ 1 ) ε H b ( λ 1 ) ε H b O 2 ( λ 2 ) ε H b ( λ 2 ) ⋮ ⋮ ε H b O 2 ( λ n ) ε H b ( λ n ) − 1 / L − 1 / L ⋮ − 1 / L ] [ C H b O 2 C H b ln ( r ) ]
S O 2 = C H b O 2 C H b O 2 + C H b .
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