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Taxonomic, physicochemical, phenolic and antioxidant comparison in species of high Andean wild fruits: Rubus and Hesperomeles
Comparación taxonómica, fisicoquímica, fenólica y antioxidante en especies de frutos silvestres altoandinos: Rubus y Hesperomeles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v72n1.96500Palabras clave:
antioxidant activity DPPH, maturity index, Hesperomeles, Rubus, polyphenols (en)actividad antioxidante DPPH, índice de madurez, Hesperomeles, Rubus, polifenoles (es)
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Currently, humans are taking better care of their health. It is known that fruit consumption prevents degenerative diseases such as cancer and diabetes. On the other hand, the high Andean biodiversity is rich in various resources that have been undervalued up to now. In the present study, the botanical characterization, physical and chemical properties, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity were compared in four non-climacteric high Andean wild fruits of the species Rubus (black siraca and red siraca) and Hesperomeles (pacra and capachu), collected in the Peru province of Andahuaylas, Apurimac region, between 3600 and 3900 m.a.s.l. The taxonomic identification was performed according to the catalog of angiosperms and gymnosperms by geographical location. Polyphenols were determined by the spectrophotometric method based on the use of the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and the antioxidant capacity by the DPPH reagent discoloration method. Data in triplicate were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a multiple-range test of least significant difference (LSD). The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in all properties studied. The maturity index and phenolic content directly affected the antioxidant capacity. The four wild fruits studied presented high values of polyphenols and antioxidant activity. Therefore, they should be considered in genetic improvement and field extension programs to promote their consumption, which would encourage healthy and nutritious eating.
Actualmente, el ser humano cuida más su salud. Es bien sabido que el consumo de frutas previene algunas enfermedades degenerativas como el cáncer y la diabetes. Por otro lado, la biodiversidad altoandina es rica en diversos recursos que han sido infravalorados hasta el momento. En el presente estudio, se compararon la caracterización botánica, las propiedades físicas y químicas, los compuestos fenólicos y la capacidad antioxidante de cuatro frutos silvestres altoandinos no climatéricos de las especies Rubus (siraca negra y siraca roja) y Hesperomeles (pacra y capachu), recolectados en la provincia de Andahuaylas, región de Apurímac en Perú, entre 3600 y 3900 m s. n. m. Se realizó la identificación taxonómica según el catálogo de angiospermas y gimnospermas por ubicación geográfica. Los polifenoles se determinaron por el método espectrofotométrico basado en la utilización del reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteau, y la capacidad antioxidante, por el método de decoloración del reactivo DPPH. Los datos por triplicado se analizaron a través de un análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA) y una prueba de rangos múltiples de diferencia significativa mínima (LSD). Los resultados presentaron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en todas las propiedades estudiadas. El índice de madurez y el contenido de fenoles incidieron directamente en la capacidad antioxidante. Los cuatro frutos silvestres estudiados presentaron valores altos en polifenoles y actividad antioxidante. Por lo tanto, deberían ser considerados en programas de mejoramiento genético y extensión en campo para promover su consumo, lo cual favorecería una alimentación saludable y nutritiva.
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