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Genetic variability of yam (Dioscorea trifida) genotypes in the Ucayali region, Peru
Variabilidad genética de genotipos de ñame (Dioscorea trifida) en la región Ucayali, Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99877Keywords:
ethnic groups, morphological descriptors, sachapapa, genetic diversity index, tropical tuber (en)grupos étnicos, descriptores morfológicos, sachapapa, índice de diversidad genética, tubérculo tropical (es)
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The aim of this research was to assess genetic variability of yam Dioscorea trifida genotypes using morphological descriptors for the germplasm collection conserved in the Agricultural Experiment Station in Ucayali, Peru. Thirty-eight morphological traits were evaluated for 30 D. trifida genotypes over ten years; from the data we estimated the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) and the coefficient of variation and performed principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Qualitative traits with high phenotypic diversity index were: petiole anthocyanin (0.86), internal tuber color (0.86), petiole color (0.81) and stem color (0.80). The quantitative traits with the highest coefficient of variation were: tuber weight per plant (33.01) and tuber yield (32.99). Seventy-six percent of the morphological variability is explained by four principal components, the first component is constituted by the characters tuber width, tuber weight per plant, and tuber yield (29%). Five groups of genotypes were also identified with statistically significant differences, where group B stands out for its higher yield in fewer days to harvest. This research reveals wide morphological diversity in genotypes of D. trifida; these results can be used to strengthen the conservation, management, and genetic improvement initiatives of this important species in the Peruvian Amazon.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la variabilidad genética de genotipos de ñame Dioscorea trifida usando descriptores morfológicos a fin de conocer la variabilidad de la colección conservada en la Estación Experimental Agraria en Ucayali, Perú. Se evaluaron 38 caracteres morfológicos para treinta genotipos de D. trifida durante diez años, para obtener el índice de diversidad genética de Shannon-Weaver (H’), el coeficiente de variación, y análisis de componentes principales y análisis de agrupamiento. Los caracteres cualitativos con mayor índice de diversidad fueron: antocianina del peciolo (0.86), color interno del tubérculo (0.86), color del peciolo (0.81) y color del tallo (0.80). Los caracteres cuantitativos con mayor coeficiente de variación fueron peso de tubérculos por planta (33.01) y rendimiento de tubérculos (32.99). El 76% de la variabilidad morfológica se explica a través de cuatro componentes principales, el primer componente está constituido por los caracteres ancho de tubérculo, peso de tubérculos por planta y rendimiento de tubérculos (29%). También se identificaron cinco grupos de genotipos en los cuales se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, donde se destaca al grupo B por su mayor rendimiento en menor número de días a cosechar. Por lo tanto, esta investigación revela amplia diversidad morfológica en genotipos de D. trifida, y los resultados pueden ser usados para fortalecer la conservación, manejo e iniciativas de mejoramiento genético de esta especie de importancia en la Amazonía peruana.
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