Estructura comunitaria de helmintos de perros vagabundos de San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Perú

Iannacone, José O.; Cordova, Karina M.; Wong, Roberto V.

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752001000500024

Resumen

Thirty stray dogs Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 were collected in San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Peru, between January and March 1997 and necropsied for helminths. Three species were collected: the cestodes Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758) Railliet, 1892 and Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780) and the nematode Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) Stiles, 1905. Fifty per cent of the examined dogs showed one or two parasites. A total of 303 (0-116) helminths were recovered and the intensity of infection was 30,3. The Simpson index (C) for all parasite species was 0,414, indicating a dominance by one species in the parasite community. The mean diversity in the infracommunities of C. familiaris was H' = 0,038 and uniformity index of Pielou J = 0,207. Dipylidium caninum, T. pisiformis, and T. canis presented a prevalence of infection of 33,30%, 10% and 16,6% respectively. Dipylidium caninum presented the highest frequency and mean intensity of infection. Dipylidium caninum was the helminth with the highest dominance (94%) whereas the lowest was due to T. pisiformis (4%) and T. canis (2%). Helminths were not related to the age of the hosts, prevalence and mean intensity of infection. Out of the 10 equally divided segments of the intestinal gut, D. caninum was found from the 6th to the 9th segment. T canis preferred almost exclusively the 1st segment while T. pisiformis was randomly distributed.

Canis familiaris; Dipylidium caninum; Toxocara canis; Taenia pisiformis; perros; Peru

Estructura comunitaria de helmintos de perros vagabundos de San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Perú

Community structure of helminths in stray dogs from San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Peru

José O. Iannacone; Karina M. Cordova; Roberto V. Wong

Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, área de Biodiversidad Animal, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Calle San Marcos 383 Pueblo Libre, Lima 21, Lima, Perú. E-mail: joselorena@terra.com.pe

ABSTRACT

Thirty stray dogs Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 were collected in San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Peru, between January and March 1997 and necropsied for helminths. Three species were collected: the cestodes Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758) Railliet, 1892 and Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780) and the nematode Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) Stiles, 1905. Fifty per cent of the examined dogs showed one or two parasites. A total of 303 (0-116) helminths were recovered and the intensity of infection was 30,3. The Simpson index (C) for all parasite species was 0,414, indicating a dominance by one species in the parasite community. The mean diversity in the infracommunities of C. familiaris was H' = 0,038 and uniformity index of Pielou J = 0,207. Dipylidium caninum, T. pisiformis, and T. canis presented a prevalence of infection of 33,30%, 10% and 16,6% respectively. Dipylidium caninum presented the highest frequency and mean intensity of infection. Dipylidium caninum was the helminth with the highest dominance (94%) whereas the lowest was due to T. pisiformis (4%) and T. canis (2%). Helminths were not related to the age of the hosts, prevalence and mean intensity of infection. Out of the 10 equally divided segments of the intestinal gut, D. caninum was found from the 6^th to the 9^th segment. T canis preferred almost exclusively the 1^st segment while T. pisiformis was randomly distributed.

Key words:Canis familiaris, Dipylidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Taenia pisiformis, perros, Peru

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Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMIENTOS. a Eduardo Esqueche M., Jefe de la Unidad de Cirugía Experimental del Instituto de Salud del Niño por el apoyo y asesoría en dicha unidad. A Juan Monteverde M., Jefe del Centro de Salud del Rímac, a cargo del área de Salud ambiental del Cono Este, quien nos facilitó la adquisición y transporte de los perros. a Henry Hernández I., de la Unidad de Cirugía Experimental del Instituto de Salud del Niño, por su apoyo profesional. A los laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal por el apoyo en la presente investigación.

Recebido em 18.V.2000; aceito em 29.VI.2001.

Abo-Shehada, M.N. & Y. Ziyadeh. 1991. Prevalence of endoparasites in dogs faecal deposits in Jordan. Jour. Helminthol. 65:313-314.
Ajlouni, A.Q.; E.K. Saliba & A.M. Disi. 1984. Intestinal cestodes of stray dogs in Jordan. Ztsclir. Parasitenkd. 70:203-210.
Brasil-Sato, M.C. & G.C. Pavanelli. 1999. Ecological and reproductive aspects of Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi Brasil-Sato & Pavanelli (Eoacanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae) of Pimelodus maculatus Lacépede (Siluroidei, Pimelodidae) of Sáo Francisco River, Brazil. Revta bras. Zool. 16:73-82.
Bugg, R.J.; I.D. Robertson; A.D. Elliot & R.C. Thompson. 1999. Gastrointestinal parasites of urban dogs in Perth, Western Australia. Vet. Jour. 157:295-301.
Bush, A.O. & J.C. Holmes. 1986. Intestinal helminths of lesser scaup ducks: an interactive community. Can. Jour. Zool. 64:142-152.
Bush, A.O.; J.M. Aho & C.R. Kennedy. 1990. Ecological versus phylogenetic determinants of helminth parasite community richness. Evol. Ecol. 4:1-20.
Bush, A.O; K.D. Lafferty; J.M. Lotz & A.W. Shostak. 1997. Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. Jour. Parasitol. 83:575-583.
Cabrera, P.A.; S. Parietti; G. Haran; U. Benavidez; S. Lloyd; G. Perera; S. Valledor; M.A. Gemmell & T. Bono. 1996. Rates of reinfection with Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia ovis and other cestodes in a rural dog population in Uruguay. Int. Jour. Parasitol. 26:79-83.
Cabrera, R. & R. Rojas. 1997. Un caso de difilobotriasis en la provincia de Chincha, Ica. Bol. Per. Parasitol. 12:81.
Cabrera, R.; R. Rojas & M. Dávalos. 1997. Corynosoma obtuscens Lincicorne, 1943 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) en Canis familiaris de la Ciudad Chincha, Ica. Bol. Per. Parasitol. 12:82.
Cislo, P.R. & J.N. Caira. 1993. The parasite assemblage in the spiral intestine of the shark Mustelus canis. Jour. Parasitol. 79:886-899.
Coggins, J.R. 1998. Effect of Season, Sex, and Age on Prevalence of Parasitism in Dogs from Southeastern Wiscosin. Jour. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 65:219-224.
Dada, B.J.; D.S. Adegboye & A.N. Mohammed. 1979. A survey of gastro intestinal helminth parasites of stray dogs in Zaria, Nigeria. Vet. Rec. 104:145-146.
Daniel, W.W. 1993. Bioestadística: Base para el análisis de las ciencias de la salud. México, D.F., Limusa, 3^ra ed., 667p.
Dumenigo, B.; N. Lau & J.R. Bravo. 1994. Prevalence of Toxocara canis in dogs in the City of Habana. Rev. Cubana Med. Trop. 46:99-102.
El-Shehabi, F.S., S.K. Abdel-Hafez & S.A. Kamhawi. 1999. Prevalence of intestinal helminths of dogs and foxes from Jordan. Parasitol. Res. 85:928-934.
Esch, G.W.; A.W. Shostak; D.J. Marcogliese & T.M. Goater. 1990. Pattern and processes in helminth parasite communities, p. 1-19. In: G. Esch; A.O. Bush & J. Aho (Eds). Parasite communities: patterns and processes. New York, Chapman & Hall, 335p.
Franco, L.J.; G. de la Cruz; A. Rocha; N. Navarrete; G. Flores; E. Kato; S. Sanchez; L. Abárca & C.M. Bedia. 1995. Manual de ecologia. México, D.F., Trillas, 2^da ed., 266p.
Guberti, V.; L. Stancampiano & F. Francisci. 1993. Intestinal helminth parasite community in wolves (Canis lupus) in Italy. Parasitologia 35:59-65.
Hassan, I.C. 1982. Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of dogs in the Western Area-Freetown (Sierra Leone). Beitr. Trop. Landwirtsh Veterinarmed. 20:401-407.
Holmes, P.R. & R. Podesta. 1968. The helminths of wolves and coyotes from the forested regions of Alberta. Can. Jour. Zool. 46:1193-1204.
Hoida, G.; Z. Greenberg; M. Furth; Y. Malsha; P.S. Craig; P.M. Schantz; R. Sneir & J. El-On. 1998. An epidemiological survey of Echinococcus granulosus and other helminths in animal population in northern Israel. Jour. Helminthol. 72:127-131.
Janovy, J.; R.E. Clopton & T.J. Percival. 1992. The roles of ecological and evolutionary influences in providing structure to parasite species assemblages. Jour. Parasitol. 78:630-640.
Kazacos, K.R. 1978. Gastrointestinal helminths in dogs from a humane shelter in Indiana. Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 173:995-997.
Luque, J.L. & N.D. Chavez. 1999. Ecología da comunidade de metazoarios parasites da anchova Pomatomus saltator (Linnaeus) (Osteichthyes, Pomatomidae) do litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 16:711-723.
MacAdams, I.; D. Gudan; D.V. Timbs; H.R. Urquhart & M.M. Sewell. 1984. Metazoan parasites of dogs in Sabah, Malaysia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 16:34-38.
MacKiewicz, J.S. 1988. Cestode transmission patterns. Jour. Parasitol. 74:60-71.
Malloy, W.F. & J.A. Embil. 1978. Prevalence of Toxocara spp. and other parasites in dogs and cats in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Can. Jour. Comp. Med. 42:29-31.
Mizgajska, H. & T. Luty. 1998. [Toxocariasis in dogs and contamination of soil with Toxocara spp. egss in the Poznan region]. Przegl. Epidemiol. 52:441-446.
O'Lorcain, P. 1994. Epidemiology of Toxocara spp. in stray dogs and cats in Dublin, Ireland. Jour. Helminthol. 68:331-336.
Overgaauw, P.A. 1997. Aspects of Toxocara epidemiology: Toxocara in dogs and cats. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 23:233-251.
______. 1998. Toxocara infections in dogs and cats and public health implications. Vet. Q. 1:S97-98.
Pandey, V.S.; A. Dakkak & M. Elmamoune. 1987. Parasites of stray dogs in the Rabat region, Morocco. Amer. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 81:53-55.
Poulin, R. 1995. Phylogeny, ecology, and richness of parasite communities in vertebrates. Ecol. Monogr. 65:283-302.
______. 1996a. The evolution of life hisotry strategies in Parasitic animals. Adv. Parasitol. 37:107-134.
______. 1996b. Sexual inequalities in helminth infections: a cost of being a male. Amer. Nat. 147:287-295.
Pugh, R.E. & D.E. Moorhouse. 1985. Factors affecting the development of Dipylidium caninum in Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche, 1835). Ztschr. Parasitenkd 71:765-775.
Richards, D.T.; S. Harris & J.W. Lewis. 1993. Epidemiology of Toxocara canis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from urban areas of Bristol. Parasitology 107:167-175.
Rojas, R; M. Dávalos & R. Cabrera. 1997. Prevalencia de Corynosoma obtuscens (Acanthocephala) en Canis familiaris de las provincioas de Chincha y Pisco, 1996. Bol. Per. Parasitol. 12:82.
Stallbaumer, M. 1987. The prevalence and epidemiology of cestodes in dogs in Clwyd, Wales, II. Hunting dogs. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 81:42-47.
Stock, T.M. & J.C. Holmes. 1988. Functional relationships and microhabitat distributions of enteric helminths of grebes (Podicipedidae): the evidence for interactive communities. Jour. Parasitol. 74:214-227.
Tarish, J.H.; I.M. al Saqur; Al-Abbassy & F.S. Kadhim. 1986. The prevalence of parasitic helminths in stray dogs in the Baghdad area, Iraq. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 80:329-331.
Tiekotter, K.L. 1985. Helmith species diversity and biology in the bobcat, Lynx rufus (Schreber), from Nebraska. Jour. Parasitol. 71:227-234.
Turner, T. & E. Pegg. 1977. A survey of patent nematode infestations in dogs. Vet. Rec. 100:284-285.
Ugochukwu, E.I. & K.N. Ejimadu. 1985a. Studies on the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs in Calabar, Nigeria. Int. Jour. Zoonoses. 12:214-218.
______. 1985b. Comparative studies on the infestation of three different breeds of dogs by gastro-intestinal helminths. Int. Jour. Zoonoses. 12:318-322.
Verster, A. 1979. Gastrointestinal helminths of somestic dogs in the Republic of south Africa. Onderstepoort Jour. Vet. Res. 46:79-82.
Vicente, J.J.; H.O. Rodrigues; D.C. Gomes & R.M. Pinto. 1997. Nematóides do Brasil. Parte V: Nematóides de Mamíferos. Revta bras. Zool. 14:1-452.
Wachira, T.M.; M. Sattran; E. Zeyle & M.K. Njenga. 1993. Intestinal helminths of public health importance in dogs in Nairobi. East Afr. Med. Jour. 70:617-619.
Wells, D.L. & P.G. Hepper. 1999. Prevalence of diseases in dogs purchased from an animal rescue shelter. Vet. Rec. 144:35-38.
Woodruff, A.W. 1975. Toxocara canis and other nematodes transmitted from dogs to man. Br. Vet. Jour. 131:627-637.
Zar, J.H. 1996. Biostatistical Análisis. New Jersey, Pratence-Hall, Inc., 3^rd ed., 662p.

Fechas de Publicación

Publicación en esta colección
18 Mayo 2009
Fecha del número
Jul 2001

Histórico

Recibido
18 Mayo 2000
Acepto
29 Jun 2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Abo-Shehada, M.N. & Y. Ziyadeh. 1991. Prevalence of endoparasites in dogs faecal deposits in Jordan. Jour. Helminthol. 65:313-314.

[2] Ajlouni, A.Q.; E.K. Saliba & A.M. Disi. 1984. Intestinal cestodes of stray dogs in Jordan. Ztsclir. Parasitenkd. 70:203-210.

[3] Brasil-Sato, M.C. & G.C. Pavanelli. 1999. Ecological and reproductive aspects of Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi Brasil-Sato & Pavanelli (Eoacanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae) of Pimelodus maculatus Lacépede (Siluroidei, Pimelodidae) of Sáo Francisco River, Brazil. Revta bras. Zool. 16:73-82.

[4] Bugg, R.J.; I.D. Robertson; A.D. Elliot & R.C. Thompson. 1999. Gastrointestinal parasites of urban dogs in Perth, Western Australia. Vet. Jour. 157:295-301.

[5] Bush, A.O. & J.C. Holmes. 1986. Intestinal helminths of lesser scaup ducks: an interactive community. Can. Jour. Zool. 64:142-152.

[6] Bush, A.O.; J.M. Aho & C.R. Kennedy. 1990. Ecological versus phylogenetic determinants of helminth parasite community richness. Evol. Ecol. 4:1-20.

[7] Bush, A.O; K.D. Lafferty; J.M. Lotz & A.W. Shostak. 1997. Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. Jour. Parasitol. 83:575-583.

[8] Cabrera, P.A.; S. Parietti; G. Haran; U. Benavidez; S. Lloyd; G. Perera; S. Valledor; M.A. Gemmell & T. Bono. 1996. Rates of reinfection with Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia ovis and other cestodes in a rural dog population in Uruguay. Int. Jour. Parasitol. 26:79-83.

[9] Cabrera, R. & R. Rojas. 1997. Un caso de difilobotriasis en la provincia de Chincha, Ica. Bol. Per. Parasitol. 12:81.

[10] Cabrera, R.; R. Rojas & M. Dávalos. 1997. Corynosoma obtuscens Lincicorne, 1943 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) en Canis familiaris de la Ciudad Chincha, Ica. Bol. Per. Parasitol. 12:82.

[11] Cislo, P.R. & J.N. Caira. 1993. The parasite assemblage in the spiral intestine of the shark Mustelus canis. Jour. Parasitol. 79:886-899.

[12] Coggins, J.R. 1998. Effect of Season, Sex, and Age on Prevalence of Parasitism in Dogs from Southeastern Wiscosin. Jour. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 65:219-224.

[13] Dada, B.J.; D.S. Adegboye & A.N. Mohammed. 1979. A survey of gastro intestinal helminth parasites of stray dogs in Zaria, Nigeria. Vet. Rec. 104:145-146.

[14] Daniel, W.W. 1993. Bioestadística: Base para el análisis de las ciencias de la salud. México, D.F., Limusa, 3^ra ed., 667p.

[15] Dumenigo, B.; N. Lau & J.R. Bravo. 1994. Prevalence of Toxocara canis in dogs in the City of Habana. Rev. Cubana Med. Trop. 46:99-102.

[16] El-Shehabi, F.S., S.K. Abdel-Hafez & S.A. Kamhawi. 1999. Prevalence of intestinal helminths of dogs and foxes from Jordan. Parasitol. Res. 85:928-934.

[17] Esch, G.W.; A.W. Shostak; D.J. Marcogliese & T.M. Goater. 1990. Pattern and processes in helminth parasite communities, p. 1-19. In: G. Esch; A.O. Bush & J. Aho (Eds). Parasite communities: patterns and processes. New York, Chapman & Hall, 335p.

[18] Franco, L.J.; G. de la Cruz; A. Rocha; N. Navarrete; G. Flores; E. Kato; S. Sanchez; L. Abárca & C.M. Bedia. 1995. Manual de ecologia. México, D.F., Trillas, 2^da ed., 266p.

[19] Guberti, V.; L. Stancampiano & F. Francisci. 1993. Intestinal helminth parasite community in wolves (Canis lupus) in Italy. Parasitologia 35:59-65.

[20] Hassan, I.C. 1982. Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of dogs in the Western Area-Freetown (Sierra Leone). Beitr. Trop. Landwirtsh Veterinarmed. 20:401-407.

[21] Holmes, P.R. & R. Podesta. 1968. The helminths of wolves and coyotes from the forested regions of Alberta. Can. Jour. Zool. 46:1193-1204.

[22] Hoida, G.; Z. Greenberg; M. Furth; Y. Malsha; P.S. Craig; P.M. Schantz; R. Sneir & J. El-On. 1998. An epidemiological survey of Echinococcus granulosus and other helminths in animal population in northern Israel. Jour. Helminthol. 72:127-131.

[23] Janovy, J.; R.E. Clopton & T.J. Percival. 1992. The roles of ecological and evolutionary influences in providing structure to parasite species assemblages. Jour. Parasitol. 78:630-640.

[24] Kazacos, K.R. 1978. Gastrointestinal helminths in dogs from a humane shelter in Indiana. Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 173:995-997.

[25] Luque, J.L. & N.D. Chavez. 1999. Ecología da comunidade de metazoarios parasites da anchova Pomatomus saltator (Linnaeus) (Osteichthyes, Pomatomidae) do litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 16:711-723.

[26] MacAdams, I.; D. Gudan; D.V. Timbs; H.R. Urquhart & M.M. Sewell. 1984. Metazoan parasites of dogs in Sabah, Malaysia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 16:34-38.

[27] MacKiewicz, J.S. 1988. Cestode transmission patterns. Jour. Parasitol. 74:60-71.

[28] Malloy, W.F. & J.A. Embil. 1978. Prevalence of Toxocara spp. and other parasites in dogs and cats in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Can. Jour. Comp. Med. 42:29-31.

[29] Mizgajska, H. & T. Luty. 1998. [Toxocariasis in dogs and contamination of soil with Toxocara spp. egss in the Poznan region]. Przegl. Epidemiol. 52:441-446.

[30] O'Lorcain, P. 1994. Epidemiology of Toxocara spp. in stray dogs and cats in Dublin, Ireland. Jour. Helminthol. 68:331-336.

[31] Overgaauw, P.A. 1997. Aspects of Toxocara epidemiology: Toxocara in dogs and cats. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 23:233-251.

[32] ______. 1998. Toxocara infections in dogs and cats and public health implications. Vet. Q. 1:S97-98.

[33] Pandey, V.S.; A. Dakkak & M. Elmamoune. 1987. Parasites of stray dogs in the Rabat region, Morocco. Amer. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 81:53-55.

[34] Poulin, R. 1995. Phylogeny, ecology, and richness of parasite communities in vertebrates. Ecol. Monogr. 65:283-302.

[35] ______. 1996a. The evolution of life hisotry strategies in Parasitic animals. Adv. Parasitol. 37:107-134.

[36] ______. 1996b. Sexual inequalities in helminth infections: a cost of being a male. Amer. Nat. 147:287-295.

[37] Pugh, R.E. & D.E. Moorhouse. 1985. Factors affecting the development of Dipylidium caninum in Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche, 1835). Ztschr. Parasitenkd 71:765-775.

[38] Richards, D.T.; S. Harris & J.W. Lewis. 1993. Epidemiology of Toxocara canis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from urban areas of Bristol. Parasitology 107:167-175.

[39] Rojas, R; M. Dávalos & R. Cabrera. 1997. Prevalencia de Corynosoma obtuscens (Acanthocephala) en Canis familiaris de las provincioas de Chincha y Pisco, 1996. Bol. Per. Parasitol. 12:82.

[40] Stallbaumer, M. 1987. The prevalence and epidemiology of cestodes in dogs in Clwyd, Wales, II. Hunting dogs. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 81:42-47.

[41] Stock, T.M. & J.C. Holmes. 1988. Functional relationships and microhabitat distributions of enteric helminths of grebes (Podicipedidae): the evidence for interactive communities. Jour. Parasitol. 74:214-227.

[42] Tarish, J.H.; I.M. al Saqur; Al-Abbassy & F.S. Kadhim. 1986. The prevalence of parasitic helminths in stray dogs in the Baghdad area, Iraq. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 80:329-331.

[43] Tiekotter, K.L. 1985. Helmith species diversity and biology in the bobcat, Lynx rufus (Schreber), from Nebraska. Jour. Parasitol. 71:227-234.

[44] Turner, T. & E. Pegg. 1977. A survey of patent nematode infestations in dogs. Vet. Rec. 100:284-285.

[45] Ugochukwu, E.I. & K.N. Ejimadu. 1985a. Studies on the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs in Calabar, Nigeria. Int. Jour. Zoonoses. 12:214-218.

[46] ______. 1985b. Comparative studies on the infestation of three different breeds of dogs by gastro-intestinal helminths. Int. Jour. Zoonoses. 12:318-322.

[47] Verster, A. 1979. Gastrointestinal helminths of somestic dogs in the Republic of south Africa. Onderstepoort Jour. Vet. Res. 46:79-82.

[48] Vicente, J.J.; H.O. Rodrigues; D.C. Gomes & R.M. Pinto. 1997. Nematóides do Brasil. Parte V: Nematóides de Mamíferos. Revta bras. Zool. 14:1-452.

[49] Wachira, T.M.; M. Sattran; E. Zeyle & M.K. Njenga. 1993. Intestinal helminths of public health importance in dogs in Nairobi. East Afr. Med. Jour. 70:617-619.

[50] Wells, D.L. & P.G. Hepper. 1999. Prevalence of diseases in dogs purchased from an animal rescue shelter. Vet. Rec. 144:35-38.

[51] Woodruff, A.W. 1975. Toxocara canis and other nematodes transmitted from dogs to man. Br. Vet. Jour. 131:627-637.

[52] Zar, J.H. 1996. Biostatistical Análisis. New Jersey, Pratence-Hall, Inc., 3^rd ed., 662p.

Brasil

Brasil

Estructura comunitaria de helmintos de perros vagabundos de San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Perú

Community structure of helminths in stray dogs from San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Peru

Resumen

Fechas de Publicación

Histórico