The difference of PGE2 and COX-2 expressions in various histological grading of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma
Downloads
Objectives: to analyze the expression of PGE2 and COX-2 in various histological grade of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: Analytical observational study was performed on parafin block archives of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma with histological grade 1,2 and 3 in Anatomic Pathology laboratory Dr. Soetomo hospital. PGE2 and COX-2 expression were examined by immunohistochemical staining using PGE2 and COX-2 antibodies. The results were analyzed statistically.
Results: There were increase of PGE2 expressions of in endometrioid carcinoma grade 2 compare to grade 1 and grade 3 compare to grade 2. The COX-2 expression was increase in histologic grade 3 compare to grade 1.
Conclusion: The expression of PGE2 and COX-2 in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma were increased in higher histologic grade compare to lower histologic grade.Kasper LD, Eugene B, Antony SF, et al. Harrison’s Principles of internal medicine. 16th Eds. McGraw-Hill Companies; 2005. p. 1715-21.
Raz S and Larissa R. Urinary tract infection in women. Female Urology. 3rd Eds. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. p. 847-56.
Raz R. Urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women. Korean Journal of Urology. 2011;52:801-8.
Grabe M, Bjerklund-Johansen TE, Botto H, et al. Guidelines on urological infection. European Association of Urology; 2011.
Askandar T, Purnomo BS, Djoko S, Gatot S. Infeksi saluran kemih. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. Surabaya: Airlangga Univ Press; 2007.
Dhakal BK, Kulesus RR, Mulvey MA. Mechanisms and consequences of bladder cell invasion by uropathogenic Escerichia coli. Europe Journal of Clinical Investigation. USA: Utah; 2008. p. 2-11.
Bien J, Olga S, Przemyslaw B. Role of uropatho-genic Escerichia coli virulence factors in develop-ment of urinary tract infection and kidney damage. International Journal of Nephrology; 2012.
Eigbefoh JO, Isabu P, Okpere E and Abebe J. The diagnostik accuracy of The rapid dipstick Test to predict asymptomatic urinary tract inspection of pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2008;28(5):490-5.
Arjana S, Chandraker S, Patel VK, Padmini R. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against pathogens causing complicated urinary tract infec-tion. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical science. 2009;71(2):136-9.
Junizaf, Budi IS. Infeksi saluran kemih pada wanita. Jakarta: Uroginekologi Indonesia; 2011.
Nicolle EL, Suzzane B, Richard C, et al. Infectious disease society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteri-uria in adult. IDSA Guidelines; 2005. p. 643-54.
Sunilson JAJ, Suraj R, Rejitha G, et al. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of zingiber officinale, curcuma long and alpina galang extracts as natural food preservative. American Journal of Food Tech-nology. 2009;4(5):192-200.
Hajera T, Mir NA, Noura Al-Jameil and Farah AK. Evaluation of antibacterial potensial of selected plant extracts on bacterial pathogen isolated krom urinary tract infection. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2013;2(10):353-68.
Malu SP, Obochi GO, Tawo EN and Nyong BE. Antibacterial activity and medicinal properties of ginger. Global Jurnal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2009;15(3):365-8.
Giti O, Marjan G and Fariborz M. Comparation of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women alt primary dysmenorrhea. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medi-cine. 2009;15(2):129-32.
World Heath Organization. Rhizoma Zingiberis. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plant. 1999;1:227-87.
Ambarawati F, Maysarah E, Apriani M and Nurul MBMD. Personal hygine and asymptomatis bacteri-uria in women aged 40-65 years. Universa Medicina. 2011;30(1):54-62.
Speroff L, Fritz MA. Menopause and the peri-menopausal transition. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 8th Eds. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.
Elya EM, Stephen EH, Delia S, et al. Sexual intercource and risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection in post-monopausal women. Journal General Internal Medicine. 2008;23:595-9.
Fahmi IA. Estimation of phenol content, anti-oxidant ability and antibacterial activity of two ginger zingiber officinale varieties. New York Science Journal. 2014;7(4):10-6.
Hasan HA, Ayad MRR, Basama MAR and Bassam ARH. Chemical compotition and antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts isolated from zingiber officinale bay different solvents. Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta. 2012;3(9).
Naoko T, Yoshihiro I, Hajime H and Akihito T. Effects of two terpene alcohols on the Antibacterial activity and the mode of action of farnesol against Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules. 2008;13:3069-76.
Cushnie TPT and Andrew JL. Antimicrobial acti-vity of flavonoid. International Journal of Anti-microbial Agents. 2005;26:343-56.
Suhad AA, Iman IJ and Hamssah EAW. Study the antibacterial activity of zingiber officinale roots against some of pathogenic bacteria. Al-Mustansiriya Journal Science. 2012;23(3).
Nada KKH, Zainab KA, Zainab AGC. Antibacterial activity of the aquatic ekstract of fresh, dry powder ginger, apple vinegar extract of fresh ginger and crud oil of ginger against different type of bacterial in hilla city. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014;6(5):414-7.
Orlando A. Abreu and Guillermo Barreto. Anti-adhesive effect of plant compounds in bacteria. phytochemicals as nutraceuticals-global approaches to their role in nutrition and health. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/phytochemicals -as-nutraceuticals-global-approaches-to-their-role-innutrition-and-health/antiadhesive-antibacterial-effect-of-plant-compounds. 2012.
Tejasari. Evaluation of ginger bioactive compounds in increasing the ratio of t-cell surface molecules of CD3+CD4+: CD3+CD8+ invitro. Malaysia Journal Nutrition. 2007;3(2):161-70.
Akintobi OA, Onoh CC, Ogele JO et al. Antimicro-bial activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extract against some selected pathogenic bacteria. Nature and Science Journal. 2013;11(1).
1. Copyright of the article is transferred to the journal, by the knowledge of the author, whilst the moral right of the publication belongs to the author.
2. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share alike (CC BY-NC-SA), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
3. The articles published in the journal are open access and can be used for non-commercial purposes. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation
The manuscript authentic and copyright statement submission can be downloaded ON THIS FORM.
